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  • Cerebral Vascular Accident Cva or Stroke

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    ram krishna
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    Cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, is caused by either a cerebral infarction or hemorrhage resulting from a focal neurological deficit. High risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Strokes are classified based on their duration and severity, and can cause symptoms such as weakness, facial drooping, speech problems, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans, LP, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, reducing ICP if elevated, giving antibiotics and antiemetics, and administering antiplatelets or surgery depending on the cause.

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    Cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, is caused by either a cerebral infarction or hemorrhage resulting from a focal neurological deficit. High risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Strokes are classified based on their duration and severity, and can cause symptoms such as weakness, facial drooping, speech problems, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans, LP, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, reducing ICP if elevated, giving antibiotics and antiemetics, and administering antiplatelets or surgery depending on the cause.

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    52 views8 pages

    Cerebral Vascular Accident Cva or Stroke

    Uploaded by

    ram krishna
    Cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, is caused by either a cerebral infarction or hemorrhage resulting from a focal neurological deficit. High risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Strokes are classified based on their duration and severity, and can cause symptoms such as weakness, facial drooping, speech problems, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans, LP, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, reducing ICP if elevated, giving antibiotics and antiemetics, and administering antiplatelets or surgery depending on the cause.

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    of 8

    CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENT

    CVA OR STROKE
    DEFINITION
    • Focal neurological deficit either due to cerebral
    infarction or haemorrhage result stroke,
    • RISK FACTORS
    • High risk factors-hypertension, diabetes
    mellitus, atrial fibrillation, smoking, vasculitis
    • Low risk factors-migrane, OCP, alcohol,
    age,hereditary, previous stroke, polycythemia
    antithrombin III deficiency
    ETIOLOGY
    CEREBRAL INFARCTION
    • Atherosclerosis
    • Arterial sclerosis, embolism, SLE ,trauma
    CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
    • Berry aneurysms
    • Arterio-venous malformations
    • Head injury
    CLASSIFICATONS
    • Transient stroke-the focal neurological deficit
    resolves completely within 24 hours
    • Completed stroke-the focal neurological deficit is
    persistent and not worsening
    • Progressing stroke: the focal neurological deficit
    continues to worsen after 6 hours of onset
    • Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit(RIND)-
    the neurological deficit completely resolves
    within a period of 3weeks
    CLINICAL FEATURES
    • On general examination:

    • Assessment of GCS
    • Blood pressure:hypertension/hypotension
    • Respiration rate:altered
    • Pulse rate: bradycardia
    • Pupils:constricted in pontine haemorrhage, dilated
    terminal stage
    • Fundoscopy:papillodema
    • Plantar response: upgoing
    • Features of UMN lesion : spacity weakness, hyperreflexia,
    hypertonia, facial palsy(either UMN or LMN palsy)
    STROKE DUE TO INFARCTION:
    • Stroke result in due to thrombo embolism
    • Sudden but relatively goes on worsening
    • Headache, vomiting
    • Altered consciousness
    • Hemiplegia
    • Hemiparesis
    • Facial deviation due to seventh cranial nerve involvement
    • Change in voice, gait or ability to speak
    • Bowel bladder involvement

    STROKE DUE TO HAEMORRHAGE


    • sudden onset, hsevere headache, vomiting, convulsions,
    seizures,loss of consciousness, hemiplegia
    • Facial nerve paralysis or other cranial nerve nvolvement
    INVESTIGATIONS
    • CBC(HB, TC, DC)ESR
    • Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes,
    chest x ray
    • ECG
    • CT SCAN OF HEAD
    • Lumbar puncture to rule out subarachnoid
    haemorrhage
    • Lipid profile
    TREATMENT
    • Airway
    • Breathing
    • Circulation maintenance
    • Assessment of GCS
    • To reduce raised intracranial pressure give 20%
    mannitol
    • Antibiotics
    • Antiemetics for vomiting
    • If embolism: give antiplatelets like( aspirin and
    coplidogrel)
    • Ifhaemorrhage: surgical treatment should be done

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