2018

ConceptAnd
Concept AndTrends
TrendsInIn
Applicationofof
Application
ModernPhysics
Modern Physics
Quaid-e-AzamRangers
Quaid-e-Azam RangersSchool
School&&College
College
QRS&CC
QRS&
Presentedbyby
Presented
MuhammadUmair
Muhammad UmairKhan
Khan
 Differencebetween
Difference betweenClassical
ClassicalPhysics
Physicsand
and
ModernPhysics
Modern Physics
 Classical
ClassicalPhysics:
Physics:
Newtonian Physics Is referred as Classical
Newtonian Physics Is referred as Classical
Physics, founder of this classical Physics is
Physics, founder of this classical Physics is
Sir Isaac Newton. Classical Physics usually
Sir Isaac Newton. Classical Physics usually
concerned with the everyday conditions:
concerned with the everyday conditions:
Speed much lower than speed of light and
Speed much lower than speed of light and
size much greater than the size of atom,
size much greater than the size of atom,
 developed before 20th century.
 developed before 20th century.
 Modern
ModernPhysics:
Physics:
Post Newtonian Physics Is referred as
Post Newtonian Physics Is referred as
Modern Physics, founder of this Modern
Modern Physics, founder of this Modern
Physics is Albert Einstein and Max
Physics is Albert Einstein and Max
Planks. Modern Physics usually
Planks. Modern Physics usually
concerned with higher velocities and
concerned with higher velocities and
small distances developed in the early
small distances developed in the early
20th century and onwards.
20th century and onwards.
 ModernPhysics
Modern PhysicsShort
ShortOverview:
Overview:

I.I. Quantum
QuantumMechanics
Mechanics(Quantum
(Quantumnature
natureofofmatter,
matter,energy
energyand
and
light.
light.
II.II.Atomic
Atomicphysics
physics(Structure
(Structureand
andproperties
propertiesofofmatter)
matter)
III.Elementary
III. Elementaryparticle
particlePhysics
Physics( (Properties
Propertiesofofelementary
elementaryparticles
particles
suchasaselectrons,
such electrons,photons
photonsetc.
etc.Also
Alsoknown
knownasasHighHighEnergy
Energy
Physics)
Physics)
IV.Solidstate
IV.Solid statephysics
physics( (Physical
Physicalproperties
propertiesofofsolid
solidmaterial,
material,also
also
knownasasCondensed
known CondensedMatter
MatterPhysics)
Physics)
V.V.Plasma
Plasmaphysics
physics(behavior
(behaviorofofionized
ionizedgases)
gases)
VI.Cryogenics(Properties
VI.Cryogenics (Propertiesofofmatter
matteratatextremely
extremelylow low
temperatures)
temperatures)
 AAquick
quicktour
tourof
ofQuantum
Quantum
phenomena:
phenomena:
• Photoelectric effect
• Photoelectric effect
• Discrete energy levels in atoms
• Discrete energy levels in atoms
• Wave Particle duality
• Wave Particle duality

 Photoelectric
Photoelectriceffect:
effect:
• Shining light incident on surface if a
• Shining light incident on surface if a
metal surface causes metal to give of
metal surface causes metal to give of
electrons.
electrons.
• For particular metals, electrons only
• For particular metals, electrons only
gives off if frequency of light is above
gives off if frequency of light is above
some minimum threshold frequency.
some minimum threshold frequency.
• Above threshold, electrons comes off
• Above threshold, electrons comes off
even with very weak beam of light.
even with very weak beam of light.
• Metals absorb light energy in Packets
• Metals absorb light energy in Packets
or some times called Quanta.
 ApplicationsofofModern
Applications ModernPhysics
Physics
 Solar Panel:
 Solar Panel:
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from
the Sun to generate electricity through
the Sun to generate electricity through
the photoelectric effect
the photoelectric effect
 Basic Principles:
 Basic Principles:
• Photoelectric effect
• Photoelectric effect
• Rechargeable batteries
• Rechargeable batteries
• DC to AC inverter.
• DC to AC inverter.
 Advantages:
 Advantages:
• Reduces Electricity Bills
• Reduces Electricity Bills
• Low Maintenance Costs
• Low Maintenance Costs
• Diverse Applications
• Diverse Applications
• Safer than traditional electric current
• Safer than traditional electric current
 Disadvantages:
 Disadvantages:
• Weather Dependent
• Weather Dependent
• High cost
• High cost
• Needs lots of space as efficiency is not 100% yet
• Needs lots of space as efficiency is not 100% yet
 Applicationsof
Applications ofPhotoelectric
Photoelectriceffect
effect: :
  Hybrid
HybridSolar
SolarCars:
Cars:
Hybrid cars are solar vehicles used for land
Hybrid cars are solar vehicles used for land
transport. Solar cars are usually run on only
transport. Solar cars are usually run on only
power from the sun, although some models will
power from the sun, although some models will
supplement that power using a battery, or use
supplement that power using a battery, or use
solar panel to recharge batteries or run auxiliary
solar panel to recharge batteries or run auxiliary
systems for a car that mainly uses battery power.
systems for a car that mainly uses battery power.
 Basicprinciples
 Basic principles :
:
• Photoelectric cell or solar cell
• Photoelectric cell or solar cell
• Working principle of DC motor
• Working principle of DC motor
• Phenomena of Rechargeable battery
• Phenomena of Rechargeable battery
 Advantages:
 Advantages:
• Solar cars don’t require any expense for
• Solar cars don’t require any expense for
running.
running.
• Solar cars don’t produce such harmful
• Solar cars don’t produce such harmful
emissions.
emissions.
  Spectroscopy: (X-ray)
 Spectroscopy: (X-ray)
Spectroscopy is a scientific measurement technique
Spectroscopy is a scientific measurement technique
to studying interaction of matter with different
to studying interaction of matter with different
components of the electromagnetic spectrum (light).
components of the electromagnetic spectrum (light).
 Basic Principles:
 Basic Principles:
• X-ray generation, a form of electromagnetic
• X-ray generation, a form of electromagnetic
radiation.
radiation.
• Some light energy get absorbed and some get
• Some light energy get absorbed and some get
passed
passed
• Production of film.
• Production of film.
 Advantages:
 Advantages:
• They help radiologists identify cracks, infections,
• They help radiologists identify cracks, infections,
injury, and abnormal bones.
injury, and abnormal bones.
• X-rays are used to treat tumors in the human
• X-rays are used to treat tumors in the human
body.
body.
• Quick imaging.  
• Quick imaging.  
 Disadvantages:
 Disadvantages:
• X-rays can makes our blood cells damage.
• X-rays can makes our blood cells damage.
• A higher risk of getting cancer from X-rays.
• A higher risk of getting cancer from X-rays.
• High cost.
• High cost.
  Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) Machine:
(MRI) Machine:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a
medical imaging technique
medical imaging technique
used in radiology to visualize detailed
used in radiology to visualize detailed
internal structures inside the body.
internal structures inside the body.
 Basic principles:
 Basic principles:
• Strong magnetic field
• Strong magnetic field
• Permanent magnet
• Permanent magnet
• Radio frequency RF
• Radio frequency RF
 Advantages:
 Advantages:
• No cryogenic liquids are needed  to
• No cryogenic liquids are needed  to
maintain the magnetic field.
maintain the magnetic field.
• Their open design may help to
• Their open design may help to
reduce some patient anxiety.
reduce some patient anxiety.
• The MRI scan is a painless and safe
• The MRI scan is a painless and safe
scan.
scan.
 Disadvantages:
 Disadvantages:
• Longer imaging time
• Longer imaging time
• High cost
• High cost
• Sensitive to motion
•
 Pole Mounted Transformer (PMT):
Pole Mounted Transformer (PMT):
Pole mounted transformers are transformers that are
Pole mounted transformers are transformers that are
mounted on an electrical service pole and are usually at
mounted on an electrical service pole and are usually at
the level of the overhead cables. Pole mounted
the level of the overhead cables. Pole mounted
transformers are the common transformers used for
transformers are the common transformers used for
converting distribution voltage to the 120/240/440 volt
converting distribution voltage to the 120/240/440 volt
used by homes and commercial.
used by homes and commercial.
 Basic Principles:
Basic Principles:
• Mutual Induction
• Mutual Induction
• Heat exchange by oil
• Heat exchange by oil
• Magnetic Flux
• Magnetic Flux
 Advantages:
Advantages:
• Converting voltage at required potential using turns.
• Converting voltage at required potential using turns.
• Can be available at different ratings e.g. 15kV, 25kV,
• Can be available at different ratings e.g. 15kV, 25kV,
50kV, 250kV.
50kV, 250kV.
• Efficient and can bear natural environments such as
• Efficient and can bear natural environments such as
rain and heat.
rain and heat.
 Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
• High cost
• High cost
• Large installation plan is needed.
• Large installation plan is needed.
• Mineral Oil used is highly flammable
  DC
DCAdopters
Adoptersand
andChargers:
Chargers:
DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of
DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of
external power supply, often enclosed in a case
external power supply, often enclosed in a case
similar to an AC plug.  The hazardous 120 or
similar to an AC plug.  The hazardous 120 or
240 volt mains power is transformed to a lower
240 volt mains power is transformed to a lower
safer voltage at the outlet, and the appliance
safer voltage at the outlet, and the appliance
which is handled by the user is powered by this
which is handled by the user is powered by this
lower voltage such as mobile phones, batteries etc.
lower voltage such as mobile phones, batteries etc.
  Basic
BasicPrinciples:
•
Principles:
Diode as Rectifier
• Diode as Rectifier
• AC to DC Conversion
• AC to DC Conversion
• Converting 110/220 volts to the required
• Converting 110/220 volts to the required
voltage
voltage
  Advantages:
Advantages:
• low noise
• low noise
• Fast transient response
• Fast transient response
• Low cost
• Low cost
  Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
•Low efficiency
• Low efficiency
• Heat dissipation
• Heat dissipation
Electronics Devices: (Transistors used in Microprocessor)

Devices which uses electronics circuits, specially devices

which use transistors are discussed here. Transistor used
in these devices are made up of two diodes together for
better controlling of current, such as computers, LCDs,
Mobile Phones, Tablets, Power Torches uses LEDs are
also forms of transistors.

Basic Principles:
• Doping of materials in transistors
• Control of current (Forward / Reverse Bias)
• Heat sink in devices

Advantages:
• Cheap prices
• Fast transient response
• Smart and compact circuitry
• Consuming less power as compare to CRT.

Disadvantages:
• Need of Heat sink
• Temperature sensitive
• High temperature dissipation
Questions
are
Thank