CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
TEACHER
 Osores Lenny

MEMBERS
 Regalado Guevara María
 Castro Torres Dayana
 Calderón Baldera Fernando
 Ibañez Musayon Renato
 Cedillo Muñoz Jerinson
 Miranda Higinio Giancarlo
 DEFINITION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

 A system is an organized structure of

components that maintain
interrelationships. These components
can be physical or symbolic.

 The cardiovascular system, therefore,

encompasses structures that allow blood
and lymphatic circulation.
System
structure
Superior vena cava Ascending aorta

Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins

Inferior vena cava Thoracic aorta

Abdominal aorta
 BLOOD
VESSELS

Arteries veins Capillaries

ARTERIES VEINS

• The arteries carry blood from • Veins carry blood back

the heart to the capillaries of to the heart. They are
the different tissues of the less elastic than the
body. They are very elastic arteries but they dilate
more.
 CAPILLARIES

• The blood capillaries are formed by a single layer of

cells which facilitates the exchange of substances
• In the capillaries the blood that arrives is
oxygenated and the one that comes out is loaded
with carbon dioxide (except in the lungs)
THE HEART
Internal view
The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ of the heart

The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that is

lined with the parietal layers of a serous membrane

Epicardium

Layers of the hert

Myocardium
wall

Endocardium

• Right atrium

Chambers of the • Right ventricle

heart • Left atrium
• Left ventricle
CYCLE CARDIAC
HEART RATE The heart rate measures the number of
times the heart beats per minute..
wrists
inside of your elbow
The best places to find your pulse are the side of your neck
top of the foot

Newborns
(0 to 1
month): 70
to 190 bpm

Children (from 3 to 4
years old): 80 to 120
bpm
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Electrocardiogram record the electrical activity of
the heart using small electrode patches attached
to the skin.

It is used to measure the rhythm and

regularity of beats, the size and position of the
atria and ventricles.

The device with which the electrocardiogram is

obtained is called an electrocardiograph.
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits called "plaques" build up
in the lining of the blood vessels. As plaques get bigger, the blood vessels get
narrow. This means the blood vessels cannot carry as much blood as before.

CAROTID ARTERY CORONARY ARTERY

DISEASE DISEASE
Plaques can break open, or
rupture. When that
Plaques can get too big and
happens, blood clots form
reduce blood flow to certain
inside the artery and block
body parts.
the blood supply to tissues
past the clot. This is what
happens during a stroke or
a heart attack.

RENAL ARTERY PERIPHERAL

STENOSIS ARTERY DISEASE
 The following definitions and staging system, which are based upon
appropriately measured blood pressure

Arterial Pressure - Is a function of the volume of blood entering the arteries (both stroke volume and
heart rate), the volume exiting the arteries (determined by peripheral resistance), and the compliance of
the arterial vessels.

SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE PRESSURE
(mmHg) (mmHg)

NORMAL <120 and <80  Advancing age

 Obesity and weight gain
ELEVATED 120-129 and <80  Family history
 Race - in blacks.
 Reduced nephron number
HYPERTENSION 130-139 or 80-89 
STAGE 1 High-sodium diet
 Excessive alcohol
HYPERTENSION ≥140 or ≥ 90 consumption
STAGE 2  Physical inactivity

HEART FAILURE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Results from structural or functional cardiac Chronic kidney failure treated with either dialysis
disorders that impair the ability of the ventricle(s) or transplantation
to fill with and/or eject blood.
HEART ATTACK
• A heart attack occurs when the
blood flow to a part of the heart is
blocked by a blood clot.
 STROKE EFFECTS
• A stroke occurs when a blood
vessel that carries oxygen and
nutrients to the brain is either LEFT BRAIN RIGHT BRAIN BRAIN STEM
 Paralysis on the right  Paralysis on the left Depending on the
blocked by a clot or bursts (or
side of the body side of the body severity of the injury
ruptures). When that happens, part  Speech/language  Vision problems
of the brain cannot get the blood problems  Quick, inquisitive
 Memory loss behavioral style
(and oxygen) it needs, so it and  Memory loss
brain cells die.

TYPES
 Ischemic Stroke (Clots)
 Hemorrhagic Stroke (Bleeds)
 TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
 Cryptogenic Stroke
 Brain Stem Stroke
 PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
• (PAD) refers to diseases of the blood vessels
located outside the heart and brain. They are most
often caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in the
arteries.

CAUSES
o Atherosclerosis.
o
o
Blood Clots In The Arteries
Injury To The Limbs
SYMPTOMS
o Unusual Anatomy Of The Muscles And  Hair loss on the feet and legs.
Ligaments.  Intermittent claudication Leg weakness.
o Diabetes  A foot or the lower leg may feel cold.
o Smoking  Numbness in the legs.
o Obesity  Brittle toenails.
o High Blood Pressure,  Toenails grow slowly.
o Increasing Age  Sores or ulcers on the legs and feet that take a
o High Cholesterol long time to heal (or never heal).
o Family History Of Heart Disease  The skin on the legs becomes shiny or turns
pale or bluish.
 Difficulty in finding a pulse in the leg or foot.
 Erectile dysfunction 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
• Medical News Today [Internet]. [cited 4 January 2020]. Available in:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/235710.php#takeaway
• eMedicehealth [Internet]. [cited 4 January 2020]. Available in:
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/electrocardiogram_ecg/article_em.htm#what_is_an_electrocardiogram_ecg_ekg
• Faxon DP, Fuster V, Libby P, et al. Conferencia sobre la enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica: Grupo de redacción III:
fisiopatología. Circulación 2004; 109: 2617.
• Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA /
PCNA Guía para la prevención, detección, evaluación y manejo de la presión arterial alta en adultos: un informe del American
College of Cardiology / American Grupo de trabajo de la Asociación del Corazón sobre guías de práctica clínica. Hipertensión
2018; 71: e13.
• Medical News Today. (2018). Peripheral artery disease: Symptoms, treatments, and causes. [online] Available at:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/188939.php [Accessed 3 Jan. 2020].
• About Stroke [Internet]. www.stroke.org [cited 3 January 2020]. Available from: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke
• 3. Heart Attack [Internet]. www.heart.org [cited 3 January 2020]. Available from:
https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack
• Texas Heart Institute [Internet] , [cited 5 January 2020] , Avaible in: https://www.texasheart.org