Affiliated to RTU, Kota Approved by AICTE & UGC under 2(f), Accredited by NBA

Digital Electronics Lab (3CS4-24)

ZERO LAB

Presented By : -
RAJ KUMAR JAIN
Assistant Professor
"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 1
DEPT. OF Computer Engineering
 3CS4-24 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB
 2 Hours in a Week

 Credit is 1.5

 Internal Marks- 45

 External Marks- 30

 Total Marks -75

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 2

 SYLLABUS
1.To verify the truth tables of basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND, NOR. Also to verify the truth table of Ex-OR, Ex-
NOR (For 2, 3, & 4 inputs using gates with 2, 3, & 4 inputs).
2. To verify the truth table of OR, AND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR realized using NAND & NOR gates.
3. To realize an SOP and POS expression. 
4.To realize Half adder/ Subtractor & Full Adder/ Subtractor using NAND & NOR gates and to verify their truth tables.
5.To realize a 4-bit ripple adder/ Subtractor using basic Half adder/ Subtractor & basic Full Adder/ Subtractor.
6.To verify the truth table of 4-to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-4 demultiplexer. Realize the multiplexer using basic gates only. Also
to construct and 8-to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-8 .demultiplexer using blocks of 4-to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-4 demultiplexer
7. Design & Realize a combinational circuit that will accept a 2421 BCD code and drive a TIL -312 seven-segment display.
8.Using basic logic gates, realize the R-S, J-K and D-flip flops with and without clock signal and verify their truth table
9.Construct a divide by 2,4 & 8 asynchronous counter. Construct a 4-bit binary counter and ring counter for a particular output
pattern using D flip flop.
10.Perform input/output operations on parallel in/Parallel out and Serial in/Serial out registers using clock. Also exercise
loading only one of multiple values into the register using multiplexer.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 3

 LO’s(Lab Outcomes)

1. Understanding the different types of logic circuit.

2. Apply the design procedures to design Digital Logic Circuit.

3. Implement basic combinational circuits and verify their functionalities

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 4

 PO’s(Program Outcomes)
1. Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences
3. Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the
specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including
prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 5

 Continue……
7. Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
9. Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings.
10. 10. Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and
with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. 11. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and
apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
12. 12. Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-
long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 6

 PSO’s (Program Specific Outcomes)
PSO-1
To understand and apply knowledge of mathematics, system analysis & design, Data Modelling, Cloud

Technology, and latest tools to develop computer based solutions in the areas of system software, Multimedia,

Web Applications, Big data analytics, IOT, Business Intelligence and Networking systems.

PSO-2
To understand the evolutionary changes in computing, apply standards and ethical practices in project

development using latest tools & Technologies to solve societal problems and meet the challenges of the future.

PSO-3
To employ modern computing tools and platforms to be an entrepreneur, lifelong learning and higher studies.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 7

 Introduction to Digital Electronics Lab
1. As we know Digital Electronics is one of the important subject. Most students of Computer or electronics background have a
basic understanding of digital electronics.
2. These online learning digital electronics training programs assume no prior knowledge and will give you all the support you
need to build a foundation in this area of study.
3. This course helps you to understand the basic gates, the design of digital circuits using basic gates & minimization of Boolean
expressions using K-maps & logic gates. The course explains you about different number system with different number bases
which play a very important part in this computer world.
4. It can help students to study circuits and make the practical possible application of circuits in day to day life. The course
content covered all topics of digital electronics which is developed based on feedback from students and professionals.
Explained in a very simple language the course is very easy to understand, for the beginners also. The course clears every
minute concept of the digital circuits making it very clear for the beginner.
5. Digital Electronics is very important in today’s life because if digital circuits compared to analog circuits are that signals
represented digitally can be transmitted without degradation due to noise.
6. For eg, a continuous audio signal transmitted as a sequence of 1s and 0s, can be reconstructed without error, provided the
noise picked up in transmission is not enough to prevent identification of the 1s and 0s.
7. An hour of music can be stored on a compact disc using about 6 billion binary digits. Also in digital system information
stored is easier than that of analog system.
"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 8
 Difference Between Analog And Digital Signal

 Analog and Digital signals are the types of signals carrying information. The major difference between
both signals is that the analog signals that have a continuous electrical, while digital signals non-
continuous electrical. The difference between analog and digital signal can be observed with the various
examples of different types of waves.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 9

 Analog Versus Digital

1. Most natural quantities (such as temperature, pressure, light intensity, …) are analog

quantities that vary continuously.

2. Digital systems can process, store, and transmit data more efficiently but can only assign separate values to
each point.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 10

 Difference Between Analog And Digital Signal

Analog Signals Digital Signals

Continuous signals Discrete signals

Represented by sine waves Represented by square waves

Human voice, natural sound, analog electronic Computers, optical drives, and other electronic
devices are few examples devices

Continuous range of values Discontinuous values

Records sound waves as they are Converts into a binary waveform.

Suited for digital electronics like computers,

Only be used in analog devices.
mobiles and more.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 11

 Generation of Integrated Circuit
Transistor Logic
Name Signification Year
count gates number

small-scale
SSI 1964 1 to 10 1 to 12
integration

medium-scale
MSI 1968 10 to 500 13 to 99
integration

large-scale
LSI 1971 500 to 20 000 100 to 9999
integration
very large-
20 000 to 1 10 000 to 99
VLSI scale 1980
000 000 999
integration
ultra-large-
1 000 000 and 100 000 and
ULSI scale 1984
more more
integration
"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 12
 Logic Gates
 Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an
electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only one output. The
relationship between the input and the output is based on a certain logic. Based
on this, logic gates are named as AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate etc.

 Universal gates:- NAND , NOR

 Exclusive gates:-EX-OR,EX-NOR

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 13

 AND Gates
A circuit which performs an AND operation is shown in figure. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output.
Logic diagram

Truth Table

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 14

 OR Gates
A circuit which performs an OR operation is shown in figure. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output.

Logic diagram

Truth Table

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 15

 NOT Gates
NOT gate is also known as Inverter. It has one input A and one output Y.
Logic diagram

Truth Table

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 16

 NAND Gates
A NOT-AND operation is known as NAND operation. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output.
Logic diagram

Truth Table

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 17

 NOR Gates
A NOT-OR operation is known as NOR operation. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output
Logic diagram

Truth Table

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 18

 Introduction to the Breadboard
The breadboard consists of two terminal strips and two bus strips (often broken in the centre). Each bus
strip has two rows of contacts. Each of the two rows of contacts is a node. That is, each contact along a row
on a bus strip is connected together (inside the breadboard). Bus strips are used primarily for power supply
connections, but are also used for any node requiring a large number of connections. Each terminal strip has
60 rows and 5 columns of contacts on each side of the centre gap. Each row of 5 contacts is a node.

You will build your circuits on the terminal strips by inserting the leads of circuit components into the
contact receptacles and making connections with 22-26 gauge wire. There are wire cutter/strippers and a
spool of wire in the lab. It is a good practice to wire +5V and 0V power supply connections to separate bus
strips.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 19

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 20
"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 21
"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 22
 Virtual Lab Links
These are the simulators and software:-

1. http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/dec/exp3/index.html#

2.http://vlabs.iitb.ac.in/vlabsdev/vlab_bootcamp/bootcamp/cool_develop

ers/labs/index.html

3. Proteus software.

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 23

"Digital Electronics" 07/13/2020 24