College of Science

Department of Computer
Programing Fundamentals (Java)
First Stage

Prepared by:
Ari M. Saeed
2018 - 2019
JAVA
 Outline
 What is a computer?
 Computer system
 Computer Languages.
 Java programming language
 Java Development Process
 The Java Platform
 Creating Application in Microsoft Windows
 Exercises
 References.

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 What is a computer?
A programmable electronic device that perform
mathematical and logical operations at high speed.

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 Computer system
Computer system: consists of both hardware and software.

1- Hardware: Is the physical parts of computer which it can

physically touch or see such as monitor, case, disk drives,
microprocessor and other physical parts.

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 Computer Hardware
Hardware includes the..
• Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
• Processing: CPU executes the computer program.
• Output: monitor, printer and fax machine.
• Storage: hard drive, optical media and diskettes.

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 Computer system
2- Software: Is a collection of instructions that enable the
user to interact with a computer hardware, or perform tasks,
for example Java, Microsoft Word, and Media Player.

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 Computer Software
Computer systems divide software into two major groups:

• System software: Is a platform comprised of Operating

System (OS) programs and services such as Windows 7
and utility programs.

• Application software: Is a program or group of programs

designed for end users such as web browsers.

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Computer system

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 Computer Languages
Computer language: Is a series of words used to give
instructions to the computer, telling it what to do, how to do it
and when to do it.

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 Computer Languages
Two Basic Types of Computer Language:
1. Low-Level Languages.
2. High-Level Languages.

Low-Level Languages: A language that is closer to machine

language than to human language.
Machine language and assembly languages are Low level
language.

High-level language: Is a programming language that uses

English and mathematical symbols, like +, -, % and many
others.

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 Low-Level Languages
Machine language: Is the only language that is directly
understood by the computer and it does not need to be
translated.

All instructions use binary notation and are written as a string

of 1s and 0s. Example: 111100010101010.

Assembly language: Consists of a set of symbols and letters,

A translator is required to translate the assembly language to
machine language.

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 Translator
Is a program that translates a set of code written in one
programming language into a functional equivalent of the
code in another programming language.

Translator software:
• Assembler: Translates assembly language programs into
machine code (A binary code that a machine can
understand).
• Compiler: Translates high level language code into object
code. Example: C, C++.
• Interpreter: Analyses and executes a high-level language
program a line at a time. Execution will be slower than for
the equivalent compiled code as the source code is
analyzed line by line. Example: Python, Matlab.
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 Java programming language
It was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was
initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core
component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform (Java 1.0
[J2SE]).
The latest release of the Java Standard Edition is Java SE 8.

The Java programming language is a high-level language that

can be characterized by all of the following buzzwords:

• Simple: syntax is based on C++ and  removed many

confusing instructions.
• Portable: We may carry the java bytecode to any
platform.
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 Java programming language
• Object oriented: It means we organize our software as a
combination of different types of objects that incorporates
both data and behavior.
• Secured: No explicit pointer and programs run inside
virtual machine sandbox.

• Robust: Simply means strong. Java uses strong memory

management.

• Platform Independent: A platform is the hardware or

software environment in which a program runs. There are
two types of platforms software-based and hardware-
based. Java provides software-based platform.
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 Java Development Process
• All source code is first written in plain text files ending
with the .java extension.
• Those source files are then compiled into .class files by
the javac compiler.
• A .class file does not contain code that is native to your
processor, it instead contains bytecodes the machine
language of the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM).
• The java launcher tool then runs your application with an
instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

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 Java Development Process
• Java VM is available on many different operating systems.
•  .class files are capable of running on Microsoft Windows,
the Solaris Operating System (Solaris OS), Linux, or Mac
OS.

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 The Java Platform
A platform is the hardware or software environment in which
a program runs. The Java platform differs from most other
platforms in that it's a software-only platform that runs on top
of other hardware-based platforms.

The Java platform has two components:

• JVM (Java Virtual Machine): It is a specification that
provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can
be executed.
• The Java Application Programming Interface (API): Is
a collection of prewritten packages, classes, and interfaces.

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 The Java Platform

The API and Java Virtual Machine insulate the program from
the underlying hardware.

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 Creating Application in Microsoft Windows
To write java program, it needs:
• The Java SE Development Kit 8 (JDK 8)
• A text editor
Textpad is simple editor included with the Windows
platforms.

Creating Java Application

• Create a source file: It contains code, written in the Java,
Text pad is an example to create a source file.
• Compile the source file into a .class file: (ctrl + 1) takes
your source file and translates its text into  bytecodes.
• Run the program:  (ctrl + 2) uses the Java virtual
machine to run your application.
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 Create a Source File
In a new document in Textpad, type in the following code:

class StudentApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("First Application");//Display the string.
}
}

Tips: Every statement in Java must end with a semi-colon.

Save the code in a file with the name  StudentApp.java

 Compile and run the file.

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 StudentApp application
The StudentApp application consists of three primary
components:

/**The StudentApp class displays " First Application"

1-comment to the
standard output. */

2-class
class StudentApp { 3-main method
public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(" First Application");

    
}
}
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 Exercises
• Write a program to display weekend days.

• Write a Java program to print the pyramids in java.

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• Write a Java program to display the following pattern.

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 References

Java in a Nutshell, 6th Edition, By David Flanagan,2015

Introduction to programing with java, John S.Dean,2008

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial

http://www.vogella.com

http://journals.ecs.soton.ac.uk/java/tutorial

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