GARMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS

 Garment production is an organized activity consisting of sequential processes such as laying, marking, cutting, stitching,
checking, finishing, pressing and packaging
 Garment production is an organized activity consisting of sequential processes such as laying, marking, cutting, stitching,
checking, finishing, pressing and packaging.
 This is a process of converting raw materials into finished products. It will be difficult to maintain the industry if production is not,
up to the mark if the preproduction phase of preparation of material is not properly carried out.
FABRIC RECIEVING
 Garment factories receive fabric from overseas textile manufacturers in large bolts with cardboard or plastic centre tubes or in piles or
bags.
 The fabric typically arrives in steel commercial shipping containers and is unloaded with a forklift.
 Garment factories often have a warehouse or dedicated area to store fabric between arrival and manufacturing.
 Once the raw materials or the fabric is been sent by the supplier to the company and once they reach in-house the concerned person
keeps the track of all the documents and material.
FABRIC INSPECTION
 Complete visual inspection is being done. There is no systematic recording.
 Defects like weaving or colored patta are recorded without measuring the dimension of the defects.
 Fabric inspection reports are at the discretion of the operator only.
 Defects are recorded at the end of the inspection, as this may lead to mistakes.
 Fabrics coming in lots are not taken for a second inspection.
 The 4-point inspection system is followed for the fabric inspection.
FABRIC RELAXING
 This step is necessary because the material is continually under tension throughout the various stages of the textile manufacturing
process, including weaving, dyeing, and other finishing processes.
 The relaxing process allows fabrics to shrink so that further shrinkage during customer use is minimized.
 Garment manufacturers perform the relaxing process either manually or mechanically.
PLANNING
CUT ORDER PLANNING
 It translates customer orders into cutting orders
 minimize total production cost.
 meet deadlines.
 Seek most effective use of labor, equipment, fabric and space.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF CUT ORDER PLANNING

 Examining incoming orders and piece goods width and availability.
 Determining volume, size ratios and sectioning procedures for marker making.
 Determining whether file markers are available or new ones are needed.
 Developing specifications for optimum marker making and fabric utilization.
 Determine most effective use of spreading and cutting equipment and personnel.
 Issuing orders for marker making, spreading and cutting.
MARKER PLANNING
 The purpose of marker planning is to determine the most efficient combinations of sizes and shades for each order and to
produce the best fabric yield and equipment utilization.
 One cutting order may require several markers to achieve optimum efficiency.
 A lay is a stack of stack of fabric plies that have been prepared for cutting.
 The results of cut order planning are cutting orders that direct marker and cut planning.
 Different type of lay are – All face up/down, Zig Zag lay, Face to face.
 Lay planning is basis of managing cutting room labor and table space.
 Spreading and cutting schedules are affected by :
o table length,
o type of equipment,
o spread length,
o spreading time and
o cutting time
Marker
Marker is a diagram of a precise arrangement of pattern pieces for a specific style and the sizes to be cut from a single spread.

Marker making
 Marker making is a process of determining the most efficient layout of pattern pieces for a specified style, fabric and distribution of
sizes(requires time, skill and concentration)
 Maker making is a critical step in the manufacturing process.
 By retaining strict control over this critical step, they keep the fabric consumption as low as possible.
 It also ensure that the issues that affect quality will be given proper attention. These include placing patterns on grain, keeping
patterns paired and attending to details such as drill holes and notches.
 Depending on the relative efficiency of each marker produced, the company may save or waste thousands of dollars a year.
 It is done by two way – manual method, computerised method.
MARKER MAKING

Markers types :
 Blocks or sections
Blocked or sectioned markers contain all of the pattern pieces for one style in one or two sizes.
 Continuous
Continuous marker contain all the pattern pieces for all sizes including in a single cutting.
 Open marker
Marker made with full pattern pieces.
 Closed marker
Marker made with half garment parts pieces for laying along the folds of the tube (tubular knit).
MARKER MAKING

Marker mode :
nap/one/way
nap/either/way
Nap/up/&down
SPREADING
 Spreading is the process of superimposing lengths of fabric on a spreading table cutting table or especially designed surface in
preparation for the cutting process.
 Spread or lay is the total amount of fabric prepared for a single marker.
 Requirement of spreading are:
o Shade sorting of cloth pieces.
o Correct ply direction and adequate lay stability.
o Alignment of plies.
o Correct ply tension.
 Elimination of fabric faults.
 Avoidance of distortion in the spread.
 It is done by two way :
o By manually
o By machine
SPREADING

Spreading mode :
 Nap one way & face one way spreading
 Nap either way & face to face spreading
 Nap one – way face to face spreading
 Nap either way & face one way spreading
CUTTING
 A first planning consideration is whether the totals arrived at in the cutting room are the same as those required to maintain full
production in the sewing room and subsequently the planned delivery schedule.
 Any cloth problems created in the cutting room can affect the output in the sewing room.
 Assuming all components of fabric, design, and trims are acceptable and correctly planned and cut, the next stage is to extend the
cutting room programme to the sewing room.
 It is done by two way :
o By manual
o By machine