Nobel Drug Delivery System

Bikash Kumar Sah

2nd Semester
Master in Clinical Pharmacy
Purbanchal University
Gothgaun, Morang Nepal
 Contents
• Diffusional system
• Resorvoir System
• Lag time
• Brust Effects
• Matrix System
• Effect of Porosity and tortuosity dissolution system
• Bioerodible and combination of diffusion and dissolution
• Pharmacokinetics variability and clinical significance of
controlled released formulation
 Diffusional system
• Diffusion is movement of solute and water
molecules by random, thermal, Brownian
motion. The motion results from the impact of
one molecules hitting another imparting
momentum.

• Diffusion system are of following types:-

 Reservoir Systems
• Reservoir are those where the drugs crystals,
particles, granules, pellet, minitablet or tablet is
present as core encapsulated with a rate
controlling wall, film membrane having a well
defined thickness.
• E.g., Scopolamine transdermal pathches
Nitoglycerine releasing transdermal
systems(nitro disc) for once a day therapy of
angina pectoris.
Contd….
Contd….
 Lag time
• Time require by drug to reach steady stste is
called the lag time. It is denoted by tL
• tL = L²/6D
• Where,
• tL= lag time
• L =sowllen membrane thickness
• D= Diffusion coefficient
Contd….
 Brust Effects
• The rapid drug release from polymer nano-
particles called brust release and can be
observed initially.
Contd….
 Matrix system
• A matrix is defined as well mixed composition
of one or more drugs.

• Matrix system are also called monolithic since

the drug is homogenously dispersed
throughout a rate controlling medium.
 Contd….

• There are two types of matrix system

• 1. Insoluble matrixx of rigid non-swellable

hydrophobic materials. E.g., polyvinyl chloride,
fatty materials, stearic acid , bee wax, etc

• 2. soluble swellable hydrophilic substances e.g.,

guar gum, tragacanth, HPMC, Polyacrylamide, etc
 Effect of Porosity and tortuosity dissolution
system
• Porosity is the fraction of matrix that exist as
pores or channel into which the surrounding
liquids can penetrate.
• It is denoted by P

• It can be calculated by
• P=Pa + Co/p +Cex/Pex
Where P= density of drugs
Cex = concentration of water soluble excipient
• Tortuosity
Bioerodible and combination of diffusion and
dissolution
• In the Bio-erodible system, the controlled
release of the drug involves polymer that
gradually decomposes. The drug is dispersed
uniformy throughout the polymer and is slowly
released as the polymer disintegrates.

• Strickly speaking therapeutic system will never

be dependent on dissolution only or diffusion
only.
 Contd….
• Bio erodible devices however constitute a
group of system for which mathematically
descriptions of release is complex.

• The complexity of system arises from the fact

that as the polymer dissolves the path length
for the drug many changes this usually results
in moving boundaries diffusion system.
 Contd….
• These polymer are designes t degrade within
the body
 polyglycolides (PGA)
 Polylactide (PLA)
 Polylactide-co-glycolides (PLGA)
 Poly anhydrides
 Polyorthoesters
 Pharmacokinetics variability and clinical
significance of controlled released formulation
 Clinical significance of CR
• This formulation improves the patient compliance
especially with long term for chronic diseases.
• Deduction in dose and dosing frequency
• Maintainance of requires drug concentration in
plasma thus elimination eliminates the failure of
drug therapy and improves the efficacy of treatment
• A sitable delivery system for drug which having a
short biological half-life 3-4 hrs and drug rapidly
eliminates from the body.
THANK YOU