LESSON 2

MOTIVATION
 MOTIVATION
Encourage individuals to work
enthusiastically often performing more
work than is required.
 Kreitner And
Kinicki
Early theories of motivation revolve around the
idea that motivation is brought about by the
employees’ desire to fulfill their need, their work
habits, and their job satisfaction.
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs Theory
Physiological Needs
- Refer to the human need for food, water,
shelter and other
physical necessities.

Safety Needs
- Refer to the human need for security and
protection from any harm.
Social Needs
- Pertain to the human desire
to be loved and to love, as well
as the need for affection and
belongingness.

Esteem Needs
- Include the human need for self-
respect, self fulfillment and become
the best according to one’s capability

Self-actualization needs
- are the final needs in Maslow’s hierarchy
Mcgeorge’s Theory
X And Theory Y
Theory X is a negative view of workers
which assumes that worker have little
ambitions, dislike work And avoid
responsibilities.
Theory Y is a positive view of workers
which assumes that worker enjoy work, seek
out and accept responsibilities.
 Herzberg’s Two
Factor Theory
This Theory is also known as Motivational-Hygiene
Theory which states that intrinsic factor are
associated with job satisfaction, while extrinsic
factor are associated with jon dissatisfaction.
 Alderfer’s ERG
Theory
E – Existence Needs
R – Relatedness Needs
G – Growth Needs
 Goal Setting Theory

A Theory stating that specific goals

motivates performance, and that more difficult
goals, when accepted by employees results in
greater motivation to perform well , as
compared to easy goals
 Reinforcement Theory
A Theory which states that behavior is a
function of its consequence.

Job Designer Theory

A Theory which states that employees are
motivated to work well by combining tasks to form
complete tasks.
 Equity Theory
A Theory which states that employees assess job
outcomes in relation to what they put into it and
compare there with their co-workers.

Expectancy Theory
States that an individual tends to act in a
certain way, based in the expectation that the act
will be followed by an outcome which may be
attractive or unattractive to him/her.