TEMS Investigation

& Layer 3 Messages

Presented By: Mohammad Imran

1
 Basic Components of a standard L3 message
Definitions

•Information element type and value part :

When present, the IEI of a standard IE consists of a half octet or one octet. A standard IE with IEI consisting
of a half octet has format TV, and its value part consists of a half octet. The value of the IEI depends on the
standard IE, not on its information element type.
Length indicator
When present, the LI of a standard IE consists of one octet. It contains the binary encoding of the number of octets of the IE
value part. The length indicator of a standard IE with empty value part indicates 0 octets. Standard IE of an information
element type such that the possible values may have different values must be formatted with a length field, i.e., LV or TLV.

•Header
The header of a standard L3 message is composed of two octets, and structured in three main parts, the protocol
discriminator (1/2 octet), a message type octet, and a half octet used in some cases as a Transaction Identifier, in some other
cases as a sub-protocol discriminator, and called skip indicator otherwise.
•Protocol discriminator
Bits 1 to 4 of the first octet of a standard L3 message contain the protocol discriminator (PD) information element. The PD
identifies the L3 protocol to which the standard layer 3 message belongs. The correspondence between L3 protocols and PDs
is one-to-one.
For future evolution an extension mechanism is foreseen which allows the use of protocol discriminators with one octet
length, where bits 4 to one are coded as 1 1 1 0. Messages of such protocols may not be standard L3 messages. In particular,
the rest of the header may not respect the structure described in this sub-clause.

2
Basic Components of a standard L3 message

The PD can take the following values:

3
 Basic Components of a standard L3 message
Skip indicator:
Bits 5 to 8 of octet 1 of a standard L3 message may be used differently, depending on the protocol. The use of this half-octet is
consistent for a given PD. One possibility is that this half-octet contains the skip indicator. Unless otherwise specified in the
protocol, the skip indicator IE is a spare field.
Transaction identifier:
A L3 protocol may define that bits 5 to 8 of octet 1 of a standard L3 message of the protocol contains the transaction identifier
(TI). The TI allows to distinguish up to 16 different bi-directional messages flows for a given PD. Such a message flow is called
a transaction.
Message type octet
The message type octet is the second octet in a standard L3 message.
When a standard L3 message is expected, and a message is received that is less than 16 bit long, that message shall be ignored.

L2 Pseudo Length octet

This octet, the L2 pseudo length indicator octet, indicates the length in octets of the subsequent octet string that can be
analysed as a standard L3 message.
The octet is structured as follows:
Bits 3 to 8 encodes in binary the L2 pseudo length, i.e., the length of the part to be analysed as a standard L3
message ;
Bit 2 is set to "0" ;
Bit 1 is set to "1".
A receiver expecting a message so structured and receiving a message with bit 1 of octet 1 (i.e., the 8th bit of the
message) set to "1" and bit 2 of octet 1 (i.e., the 7th bit of the message) different from "0", shall abandon the analysis of
the message.
Rest Octets
The part after the part structured as a standard L3 message, and up to the end of the message as constrained by lower
layers, is presented as a non standard IE of variable length (sometime indicated as of type 5), the ‘rest octets’ IE.
The rest octets element may be described by table description, or, preferably, using the compact notation.
4
Measurement Report
Measurement Report

Six Neighbours Measurement Reports

Parameter:
allAdjacentCellsAveraged= 0 (The Six Best adjacent Cells) &
1(All adjacent Cells)

With this parameter you indicate whether the

signal measurement results will be averaged for
all adjacent cells, or only for the six best adjacent
cells

5
Paging Messages

Explanation
•Normal Paging
•Extended Paging
•Paging Reorganization
Etc

Paging type 1: can page 2 subscribers using

IMSI/TMSI
Paging type 2: can page 3 subscribers – 2 by TEMSI
and 1 by IMSI
Paging type 3: can page 4 subscribers by TMSI

6
Paging Messages

7
 Sync Messages
T1, T2, T3’ & ARFCN.

REDUCED TDMA FRAME STRUCTURE.

T1 = SUPERFRAME NUMBER
T2 = 26 FRAME MULTIFRAME NUMBER
T3` = IS THE REDUCED 51 FRAME MULTIFRAME 3 .
ACTUAL 51 FRAME VALUE IS = T3`*10+1

8
Call Setup (Channel Request & Immediate Assignment )

9
Call Setup (Paging Response & Class mark Change)

10
Call Setup (Measurement Report)

11
Call Setup (Ciphering Mode Command & Ciphering Mode Complete )

12
Call Setup (Setup & Call Confirmed)

13
Call Setup (Assignment Command (DL) & Assignment Complete (UL))

14
Alerting & Connect (UL)

15
Connect Acknowledge

16
Handover (Handover Command & Access)

17
Handover (TA & Handover Completion)

18
Call Disconnect

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 System Information Overview

System information (SYS INFO) contains network parameters sent to MS through air
interface (Um), including network identity parameters, cell selection parameters,
system control parameters and network function parameters. By reading system
information, MS can access the network, perform cell selection, fully utilize various
services provided by the network, and achieve favorable cooperation with the
network.
SYS INFO can be divided into two parts:

SYS INFO sent on BCCH, including SYS INFO 1, 2, 2BIS, 2TER, 3, and 4, which are
used by MS in idle mode.

SYS INFO sent on SACCH, including system information 5, 5BIS, 5TER, and 6, which
are used by MS in dedicated mode.
SYS INFO 7 and SYS INFO 8 messages are sent if the SYS INFO 3 or 4 Messages does
not contain all the in elements needed for Cell (Re)Selection (Phase2).
SYS INFO 13 is dedicated to support GPRS.

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Types of System Information with Logical Channels

System Information Types

SI-Type 1 (optional) messages are
used for frequency hopping.
SI-Types 2, 3 and 4 are broadcast on
the BCCH.
SI-Types 5 and 6 are broadcast on an
SACCH.
SI-Types 7 and 8 (optional) are an
extension to type 4 and are broadcast
on the BCCH.
SI-Type 13 is Broadcast on BCCH.

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BCCH Mapping & Transmission Cycle

22
SI Type 1

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SI Type 1

It contains random access control

information (RACH) and cell
frequency allocation table (i.e. CA
table). It is transmitted on BCCH.
 Content
- - Cell Channel Description Format
- - RACH Control Parameter
RACH Control Parameters
• Maximum number of retransmission:
1,2,4 or 7
• Number of time slots to spread
transmission from 3 up to 50
• Parameter indicating if the cell is
barred or not
• Parameter indicating if the call re-
establishment is allowed or not
• Parameter indicating if the emergency
calls are allowed or not
• Access classes control
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 SYS INFO 1 - CA Description Format

Bit8 Bit7 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Format Type

0 0 X X X bit map 0
1 0 0 X X 1024 range
1 0 1 0 0 512 range
1 0 1 0 1 256 range
1 0 1 1 0 128 range
1 0 1 1 1 variable bit map

The above cell channel description formats correspond to different

requirements on the configured frequencies in a cell.

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 Cell Channel Description Format
• Value range: Bitmap 0, 1024, 512, 256, 128, variable
length
• Content: That is CA table. Presently, the parameter has
been automatically selected by the program according to
actual CA configurations.

Specifically, there are altogether 124 bits from D3 bit of the 2nd byte to D0 bit of the
17th byte, which are respectively marked as carriers 124, 123, 122......3, 2, 1.
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 SYS Control Parameter

These control parameters include:

Maximum re-transmitting times (MAX retrans)
Extended transmission timeslots (Tx_interger)
Cell Bar access (CBA, CELL_BAR_ACCESS)
Common access control level(AC)
Call reestablish permitted (RE)
Emergency call permitted (EC)

MS MAX Re-trans:
• Value range: 1, 2, 4, 7
• Unit: Times
• Content: One of the parameters of random access control information. i.e. MS MAX. Re-trans Times. It is the
upper limit of times that MS is allowed to send “Channel Request” in one immediate assignment procedure.
• Recommendation: Set to 7:For areas with low traffic (suburban or rural area) and the cell radius more than 3
km.Set to 4: For areas with ordinary traffic (non-busy area in the city) and the cell radius less than 3km. Set
to 2: For micro-cellular Set to 1: For micro-cellular with heavy traffic or with obvious congestion. And 4 or
more is recommended to set for satellite transmission BTS.

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 SYS Control Parameter

Extended transmission timeslots (Tx-interger):

• Value range: 3~12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50
• Unit: Number of RACH timeslots (equivalent to one timeslot, 0.577ms)
• Content: Extended Transmission Timeslots(T), used to calculate the number of timeslots in the
interval between two channel requests sent by MS.
• Recommendation: 25 (If the cell immediate assignment success rate is low, then set the larger
value to reduce the transmission delay).
S=32 for satellite communication for reducing transmission delay (Also See in Note given below)

Cell Bar access (CBA, CELL_BAR_ACCESS):

• Value range: Yes (0), No (1)
• Unit: None
• Content: Cell Bar Access, worked together with CBQ to set the priority status of the cell in idle
mode for cell selection and reselection.
• Recommendation: Yes
Cell access permitted is the parameter that the network operator can set. Usually all cells allow MS to access, thus it is set as “Yes”. But in the special cases, the
operator may want a cell to be used for handover service only, which can be realized by setting the parameter as “No” (CBQ should be “No”).

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 SYS Control Parameter

Common access control level (AC):

• Value range: Check box, including level 0 forbidden,lever 1 forbidden,…
till level 9 forbidden
• Content: One of the parameters of random access control information.
i.e. 0~9 bits of “AC”. It is used for load control of ordinary subscribers, to
permit or forbid the network access of some common level users. “1”
stands for forbidden and “0” for permitted.
• Recommendation: 000000000

Emergency call permitted (EC):

• Default value is set to “0” for allowing all MSs.

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SI Type 2

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 SI Type 2
 It contains access control information
(RACH), network color code permitted (NCC
Permitted), and neighbor cell frequency
allocation list (BA1 list). It is transmitted on
BCCH. Generally speaking, SYS INFO 2,
2BIS, 2TER contains different parts of the
neighbor cell BCCH frequencies. Via
reading and decoding BA1 list, MS can
perform cell reselection in idle mode. For a
MS of GSM900 PHASE I, it only reads the
neighbor cell BCCH frequencies defined in
SYS INFO 2, and ignores those carried by
2BIS and 2TER.
 Content

SYS INFO 2 - - Neighbor Cell Desc.

- - NCC permitted
- - RACH Control Parameter
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 SYS Control Parameter

Neighbor Cell Desc:

• There are two types of BA info (table BA1 and table BA2).
• Table BA1 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to be
measured when the MS is in idle mode.
• Table BA2 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to be
measured when the MS is in dedicated mode.
MS keeps on measuring the BCCH signal levels of the serving cell as well as the neighbor cells. In order to know the adjacent
cells, neighbor cell description information will be broadcast periodically in system information of each cell. This information
lists the BCCH of all neighbor cells. MS extracts the information from system information and use it as basis for neighbor cell
measurement.
For GSM network, the neighbor relationship between cells is finalized when designing the network topology. During the
network construction, the neighbor cell relationship must be configured in accordance with the topology design that has been
planned. Moreover, after the commission of network, neighbor relationship should be modified according to the data of
driver test and traffic measurement. When network’s architecture is changed (e.g. Adding BTS or changing the network
frequency configuration.), network operator must strictly follow the changed cell neighbor relationship, reset and verify it.
Improper neighbor cell description is usually one of the important reasons of call drop. Besides, since the actual network
topology structure is often greatly different from the theoretical calculation result, and network is in the ever-changing
environment, network operator must modify the neighbor cell description information according to the real situation.

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 SYS Control Parameter

NCC Permitted:
• Value range: Check box, including options 0~7.
• Content: Network Color Code, to be sent in system messages 2 and 6. It lists
NCC that need be measured by MS. If a neighbor cell with NCC permitted, MS
will report M.R. Of the neighbor cell to the network.
• Recommendation: Subject to the concrete conditions.

RACH Control Parameter:

• See in System control parameter of SI Type 1

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SI Type 2bis

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SI Type 2bis
 2BIS contains RACH control data and neighbor
cell BCCH frequencies (part of BA1 list). It is
optional and transmitted on BCCH. As the
number of frequencies in BA1 list carried by
SYS INFO 2 is limited; SYS INFO 2BIS carries
the rest of the BCCH frequencies in the BA1 list
that are from the same band as in SYS INFO 2.

 Content

•SYS INFO 2BIS - - Neighbor Cell Desc.

- - RACH Control Parameter
(Same as that in SYS INFO 1)

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SI Type 2ter
 2TER contains neighbor BCCH
frequencies (part of BA1 list). It
is transmitted on BCCH. Only
dual band MS can read this
information, and single band
900 or 1800 MS will ignore it.
Since this information carries
BCCH frequencies that belong
to different band as those in SYS
INFO 2, it is unnecessary for
single band MS to read.
 Content
SYS INFO 2TER - -

Neighbor Cell Desc. (extended)

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SI Type 3

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SI Type 3
 It contains LAI, cell identity, RACH and
parameters related to cell selection. It is
transmitted on BCCH. It is one of the most
important information in SYS INFO.
 Content
SYS INFO 3 - - Cell Identity
- - LAI( location area identity)
- - Control Channel Desc
- - Cell Option （ BCCH ）
- - Cell Selection Parameter

- - RACH Control Parameter

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 SI Type 3

Cell Identity and Location Area Identity:

• Cell Global Identity (CGI) consists of Location Area Identity (LAI) and Cell
Identity (CI).
• And LAI includes Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC),
and Location Area Code (LAC).
• SYS INFO 3, 6, and 4 contain all or part of the information of CGI. According to
the received SYS INFO, MS decodes the CGI, and decide whether it can register
in the network based on the MCC and MNC indicated by CGI. At the same time,
it can judge whether the current location area is changed, so as to decide
whether it is necessary to start the location updating process.
MCC is allocated globally. It consists of three decimal numbers. For example, Pakistan is 410. MNC
is allocated by the country. It consists of two decimal numbers. 00 is for Mobile, 06 is for Telenor.
LAC and CI are planned by each GSM network operator. They consist of two bytes. Please note that
the value range of CI is 0X0001- 0XFFFE. 0X0000 and 0XFFFF are reserved for other use.

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 SI Type 3
Control Channel Description:
• Control channel description includes the following parameters
– IMSI Attach-Detach Allowed (ATT, Attach-Detach allowed)
– Common Control Channel Configuration (CCCH-CONF)
– Access Granted Blocks Reserved (BS_AG_BLKS_RES)
– Paging Channel Multi-frames (BS-PA-MFRAMS)
– Periodic Location Updating Timer (T3212)
IMSI Attach-Detach Allowed (ATT, Attach-Detach allowed)
• Value range: Yes, No
• Content ： It is “Attach-Detach allowed” (ATT) in data management system. It is used to inform MS
whether IMSI attach-detach is allowed in this cell. If it is set to “Yes”, the network will not process
the connection to the subscriber called when MS is power-off. Thus network processing time and
resource are saved. Otherwise the network will process the connection even though the MS has been
powered off.
• Recommendation ： Yes

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 SI Type 3
Common Control Channel Configuration (CCCH-CONF):
• Value range: 1 non-combined CCCH, 1 combined CCCH, 2 non-combined CCCH, 3 non-combined CCCH, 4 non-
combined CCCH.
• Content: It is “Common Control Channel Configuration”.The number of CCCH message blocks in one corresponding
BCCH multi-frame are 9, 3, 18, 27, and 36 respectively. CCCH configuration determines the capacity of PCH, AGCH
and RACH.
• Unit: None
• Recommendation: When there is one TRX in the cell, one combined CCCH is recommended (in a system with few
paging messages in location area). For others, it is configured according to the number of TRX in the cell.

BS-AG-BLKS-RES :
• Value range: 0~2 (1 combined CCCH), 0~7 (others)
• Unit: Block
• Content: It is also called Access Granted Blocks Reserved. It is the number of CCCH channel
message blocks that are reserved for access granted channels(AGCH).
• Recommendation: 2

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 SI Type 3
Paging Channel Multi-frames (BS-PA-MFRAMS)
• Value range: 2 ～ 9
• Unit: Multi-frame period (51 frames)
• Content: It is Paging Channel Multi-frames. It defines the number of multi-frames used as a loop of
paging sub-channels.
• Recommendation: 2

Periodic Location Updating Timer (T3212)

• Value range: 0~255
• Unit: 6 minutes
• Content: It is Periodic Location Update Timer. It defines the period length of location updating.
• Recommendation: 30 (for urban area), 20 (for suburban area)
T3212:
MS will make location update when detecting the change of location, besides, MS will make periodic location update controlled by parameter T3212. Once
MS read T3212 from system info., it will store it in SIM card. When the time exceeds T3212 value, the location update process will be triggered. The shorter
the period the better the performance, but it will bring more signaling load for system. On setting of this parameter, the processing capabilities of MSC and
BSC should be considered, also the flows of A interface, Abis interface, Um interface as well as those of HLR and VLR. Generally larger value for
continuous covered urban area while smaller in the suburb, countryside or the place with poor coverage.
Large T3212( 16 hours 20 hours) is recommended for the area with much traffic, and small T3212 (3 hours, 2 hours) for the area with a little traffic. For the
area where the traffic exceeds the system capacity, it is recommended to set T3212 as 0 (no periodic location update). To set the value of T3212 properly, it’s
necessary to conduct long-term measurement on the processing capability and flow of each entity in the system. If any overload occurs, increase the value
T3212. Note that this value should be smaller than the period by which the network queries the IMSI attached subscriber. Otherwise, the following situation
occurs: When MS has not done any operation in a certain time, and it is not yet the time for periodic location update, the network will set IMSI flag of MS as
detach, because its query result shows that MS has not done any operation. Thus, the network will not process the paging of this MS. So, before MS
initiates another round of periodic location update, once there is a call for the MS, the network will voice the calling subscriber
42 that the called MS is out of
service area or has been powered off. When MS reselects a different location area, MS will make a non-periodic location update and reset T3212 in the new
cell. If it reselects in the same location area, then the timer value will be remainder of the original one divided by the new T3212.
SI Type 4

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 SI Type 4
It consists LAI, RACH, cell selection
parameters and optional CBCH channel
information. It is transmitted on BCCH. When
the system supports cell broadcast function,
CBCH together with the CBCH MA describe
the configuration of CBCH and the relevant
frequency information.
 Content
SYS INFO 4
- - LAI
- - Cell Selection Parameter
- - RACH Control Parameter
- - CBCH Channel Desc. (optional)

- - CBCH Mobile Allocation(optional)

- -been
Among them, LAI, Cell Selection Parameter, and RACH Control Parameter have SI4 Rest Oct.(parameters
explained above. related to
cell reselection) 44
 SI Type 4
CBCH Channel Desc. and CBCH MA:
These two parameters are optional. When system supports cell broadcast, CBCH
Channel Desc. explains the CBCH channel configuration situation. When CBCH
Channel Desc. is in frequency hopping mode, CBCH MA is also needed.
CBCH channel description includes: channel type and TDMA offset, Timeslot Number (TN), Training Sequence Code (TSC), Hopping
channel indication (H), Mobile Assignment Indication Offset (MAIO), Hopping Sequence Number (HSN), Absolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number (ARFCN). CBCH mobile configuration contains sequence of frequency hopping channels and cell channel description.

Rest Oct:
• It contains the following parameters:
– Cell reselection parameter indicator (PI)
– Cell Bar Qualify (CBQ)
– Cell Bar Access (CBA)
– Cell_Reselect_Offset (CRO)
– Temporary_Offset (TO)
– Penalty_Time (PT)

45
SI Type 5

46
 SI Type 5
• SYS INFO 5
– It describes the neighbor cell BCCH
frequencies(BA2 list). It is mandatory
and is transmitted on SACCH. Different
from SYS INFO 2, MS can read the
frequency described in SYS INFO 5 in
dedicated mode, report the relevant
information of neighbor cells in
measurement report, and use it as the
basis for handover. Similarly, for 900 MS
of PHASE 1, it only recognizes the
neighbor cell frequency information
described by SYS INFO 5, and ignores
that carried by SYS INFO 5BIS and 5TER.
 Content
SYS INFO 5 - - Neighbor Cell Desc.

Corresponding to System Information 2(System Information 2 describes BA1),System Information 5 is

part of the BA2 table. It is used when MS is in the dedicated mode. Generally, the contents of BA1 and
BA2 are the same. In special cases, such as they are modified for radio network optimization purpose,
their contents can be different.

47
SI Type 5bis

48
 SI Type 5bis
• SYS INFO 5
– 5 BIS describes neighbor cells’ BCCH frequencies.These frequencies are part of
BA2 list. It is optional and is transmitted on SACCH. Generally, as the number
of frequencies which can be described by SYS INFO 5 is limited, SYS INFO 5 BIS
carries the rest BCCH frequencies in the BA2 that are belong to the same band
as SYS INFO 5 for transmitting to MS.
• Content
– SYS INFO 5BIS - - Neighbor Cell Desc.

Corresponding to System Information 2BIS(2BIS is for BA1), the content of 5BIS is part of the
content of BA2 table. It is used when MS is in dedicated mode. The neighbor cells’
frequencies which belong to the same band as the serving cell BCCH will be put into 5BIS
for transmitting to the MS while there is no room in System Information 5.

49
SI Type 5ter

50
 SI Type 5ter
 SYS INFO 5
5 TER describes neighbor cells’ BCCH frequencies,these frequencies are
also part of the BA2 list. It is transmitted on SACCH channel. Similarly,
only dual band MS can read this information, and single band GSM900
or GSM1800 MS will ignore it. It carries the BCCH frequencies of
neighbor cells whose band are different from the serving cell’s.

 Content
SYS INFO 5TER - - Neighbor Cell Desc.(Extended)

Corresponding to System Information 2TER,(2TER is for BA1)the content of the

5TER is part of the content of BA2. It is used when MS is in the dedicated mode.
The neighbor cells’ frequencies which belong to the different band (900, 1800)from
the serving cell in the BA2 will be put into 5TER for transmitting to the MS.

51
SI Type 6

52
 SI Type 6
It describes LAI, cell identity, and some
parameters describing functions of the
cell. It is transmitted on SACCH. It is also
one of the most important information in
system information.
 Content
SYS INFO 6 - - Cell Identity
- - LAI
- - Cell Option
- - NCC Permitted

Including part of the contents of SYS INFO 2 and 3. It is used for dedicated mode.

53
SI Type 13

54
SI Type 13

55
 SI Type 13

System Information type 13 is only related to the GPRS service. SI Type 13 need only be sent if GPRS support
is indicated in one or more of System Information. Type 3 or 4 or 7 or 8 messages. These messages also indicate
if the message is sent on the BCCH Norm or if the message is transmitted on the BCCH Ext. In the case that
the message is sent on the BCCH Norm, it is sent at least once within any of 4 consecutive occurrences of TC =
4.
56
 Target Cell Selection - Standard Selection
SI 13 message is broadcast by the network on the BCCH. The message provides the mobile
station with GPRS cell specific access-related information. The information in this message
should be the same as provided in the PSI 13 message on PACCH.
If GPRS is required the MS shall read SI 13 message. SI 13 may indicate if PBCCH is
present in the cell.
If PBCCH is present in the cell, the MS shall camp on it. If PBCCH is not present in the cell,
the necessary system information related to GPRS is contained in SI 13 message (and
extended if necessary to SI 14 and SI 15 messages).
SI 13 message contains:
• If PBCCH is present:
- Channel description for the PBCCH.
¤TN: Timeslot number used for PBCCH and PCCCHs.
¤TSC: Training sequence code for PBCCH and corresponding PCCCH.
¤ARFCN: non-hopping radio frequency absolute RF channel number.
- Localization of PSI type 1 information.
• If PBCCH is not present:
- The routing area code (RAC).
- Options available in GPRS cell:
¤NMO: Network Mode of operation (Mode I,mode II, mode III).
¤ACCESS_BURST_TYPE (PRACH on 8 or 11 bits).
¤ EGPRS cell’s capability
- Network control order parameters (NC0, NC1, NC2).
- GPRS power control parameters.

57
 Conditions for Target Cell Selection (contd’)

An EDGE Capable MS shall monitor the GPRS Cell Options on the BCCH (SI13)
or on the PBCCH (PSI1/PSI13) for the cell's EGPRS capability.
If EGPRS is supported by the cell, the Extension Information field contains the 2
following EDGE information:
EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST (1 bit field)
(0) EGPRS capable MSs shall use EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST
message for uplink TBF establishment on the PRACH when there is a PBCCH in
the cell or on the RACH when there is no PBCCH in the cell.
(1) EGPRS capable MSs shall use two phase packet access with PACKET
CHANNEL REQUEST message on the PRACH for uplink TBF establishment
when there is a PBCCH in the cell. EGPRS capable MSs shall use two phase
packet access with CHANNEL REQUEST message on the RACH when there is
no PBCCH in the cell.
BEP_PERIOD (4 bit field)
bit error probability (BEP) filter averaging period.

58
59