DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
DISASTER- DEF.
 A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard that has come
to fruition, resulting in an event of substantial extent
causing significant physical damage or destruction,
loss of life, or drastic change to the environment.

 A disaster can be extensively defined as any tragic event

with great loss stemming from events such as
earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or
explosions. It is a phenomenon that causes huge damage
to life, property and destroys the economic, social and
cultural life of people.
CATEGORIES
Natural disaster 35%
Sudden onset
Slow or chronic onset
Man made 65%
Non-intentional
Intentional
 CLASSIFICATIONS
Natural
Meteorological (extreme weather)
Topographical

Environmental

Man-made
Technological (structural failure)
Industrial Accidents

Security Related
Natural Disasters.
Earthquakes.

Tsunamis.

Cyclones.

Floods -Cloud bursts.

-Dam failures/dam bursts
Avalanches.

Landslides & mud flow.

Volcanoes
Manmade Disasters.

Air, road & rail accidents.

Nuclear, chemical & biological

disasters.
Wars.

Sabotage.

Riots.

Industrial accidents.
DEF.
 Can be defined as dealing with and avoiding both
natural and man made disasters.
 Disaster management, on the other hand involves:
pre-disaster planning, preparedness,
monitoring including relief management
capability
prediction and early warning
damage assessment and relief management.
GENERAL POSTURE OF EARTH QUAKE GENERAION
 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
 The Effect of Ground Shaking
 The first main earthquake hazard.
 Buildings can be damaged by the shaking itself.
 By the ground beneath them settling to a different level than it
was before the earthquake (subsidence).

ANC HO R AGE J.C . P ENNY 'S O NE SI DE O F T HI S ANC HORAGE STREET

C O LLAP SED DUR I NG T HE 1964 DR OPPED DRASTICALLY DURING THE 1964 GOOD FRIDAY
GO O D FRIDAY EARTH QUAKE. EARTH QUAKE.
 Liquefaction:
The mixing of sand or soil and ground water during
the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake.
When the water and soil are mixed, the ground
becomes very soft and acts similar to quicksand.
Effects are leaning, tip over, or sinking of buildings
several feet.

THESE BUILDINGS IN JAPAN TO WHEN THE

SOIL UNDER WENT LIQUEFACTION.
Ground Displacement:
The second main earthquake hazard is ground
displacement (ground movement) along a fault.
If a structure (a building, road , etc.) is built across a
fault, the ground displacement during an earthquake
could seriously damage or rip apart that structure.

T HIS ROAD, WHICH CROSSES THE SAN ANDREAS

FAULT ,WAS CUT IN HALF BY THE 1906 EAR T HQ
UAKE. ONE END O F THE ROAD SLIDE 20 FEET (6.5
MET ER S) PAST THE OTHER DURING THE QUAKE.
Flooding
The third main hazard is flooding.
An earthquake can rupture (break) dams or levees
along a river.
Damaging of buildings and may be sweeping away or
drowning people.

THE SEWAR D, ALASKA, R AIL ROAD YARD

WAS A TWISTED MESS AFTER BEING HIT BY A
TSUNAMI IN 1964. THE TSUNAMI WAS TRIGGERED
BY THE GOOD FRIDAY EARTH QUAKE.
Fire:
The fourth main earthquake hazard is fire.
These fires can be started by broken gas lines
and power lines, or tipped over wood or coal
stoves.
They can be a serious problem, especially if the
water lines that feed the fire hydrants are
broken, too.
For example, after the Great San Francisco
Earthquake in 1906, the city burned for three
days. Most of the city was destroyed and 250,000
people were left homeless.
BHUJ EARTH QUAKE , JANUARY 26,2001
The Indian State Department estimates
that the earthquake affected, directly or
indirectly, 15.9 million people out of a total
population of 37.8 million.
More than 20,000 cattle are reported killed.
Government estimates place direct
economic losses at $1.3 billion.
Other estimates indicate losses may be as
high as $5 billion.
1906 SAN FRANCISCO EARTH QUAKE
The California earthquake of April 18,
1906 ranks as one of the most significant
earthquakes of all time.
The highest Modified Mercalli Intensities
(MMI's) of VII to IX paralleled the length
of the rupture, extending as far as 80
kilometers inland from the fault trace.
More than 665 lives were lost.
About 2,25,000 loss their homes.
About 28,000 buildings were destroyed.
SAN FRANCISCO BURNING AFTER THE 1906
EARTH QUAKE.