DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

Academic Year
2020-21
II1 B.Tech I Sem.

By
B Krishna Murthy
Assistant Professor
Department of ME1
 Prerequisites

• Engineering Drawing
Sectional views are required for calculation the area
• Engineering Mechanics
Resolving of forces, moments, centroid & moment of
inertia are required for calculating stress
•Mechanics of Solids
The concept of different types of stress and its distribution
are required
 Syllabus
Unit-1
Introduction: Principles of mechanical design; Factor of safety, strength, rigidity, fracture,
wear, and material considerations; Stress concentrations; Design for fatigue; Limits and fits;
Design: Types of loads, stresses and strain, modes of failure, Principal stresses, theories of
failure, Rankine theory, Guests theory, Von Mises theory, selection of failure theories

Unit-2
Strength of Machine Elements: Theoretical stress concentration factor – fatigue stress
concentration factor, notch sensitivity – design for fluctuating stresses – endurance limit –
estimation of endurance strength – Goodman’s line – Soderberg’s line – modified Goodman’s
line methods.
Unit-3
Design of Riveted Joints: Types of riveted joints, rivet heads, terminology, caulking and
fullering, analysis of riveted joints, efficiency of a riveted joints, design of boiler joints and
structural joints, eccentrically loaded riveted joints.
Design of Welded Joints: Welding process, merits and demerits of welded joints over riveted
joints, Types of welded joints, weld symbols, strength of parallel and fillet weld, strength of a
welded joint, eccentrically loaded welded joints, welds subjected to bending moment, torsional
moment

Unit-4
Design of simple machine parts, design of cotter and knuckle joints.
Design of Threaded Joints: Forms of screw threads, nomenclature, thread series, designation,
power screws, and advantages over v-threads, stress in screwed threads, bolts of uniform
strength, empirical relation for initial tightening, eccentrically loaded joints

Unit-5
Mechanical Springs:
Stresses and deflections of helical springs, extension, compression springs, springs for fatigue
loading, Wahl’s stress concentration factor, energy storage capacity – helical torsion springs –
co-axial springs, leaf springs, Nipping of leaf springs.
 Introduction to Design of Machine Elements
 Design of Machine Elements is also called as Machine Design(MD)
Definition of MD: Subject deals with plans, construction and analysis of
machine elements
OR
Applying scientific principals and technical information that we learn in previous
semester in designing an Element
Machine Elements:
• Screw
• Bolts Nuts
• Brackets
• Welding joints
• Riveted Joints
• Gears
• Screw Jacks
• Belts Ropes
• Springs
 Types of Machine Design
Different types of Machine Design
1. Adaptive Design
2. Develop Design
3. New Design
Adaptive Design
– Minor Modifications or Small Changes are done
– Final Product is existing with some modifications
– It is not a new design
Eg: Change of color
Adding a Component
– Basic Technical skills are required
Example for Adaptive Design:
Bicycle with Chain Drive Transmission
Bicycle with Gear Drive Transmission
Bicycle with out Peddling (Battery Operated)
Develop Design
– Existing product is used to develop an idea as base
– Base means It is nothing but as reference
– Design concept was completely different
Eg. Electronic Components
Mobile Phones
Tape Recorders
Modified bikes
New Design
– Component is developed as a new product or Hole
– Designer mist have complete knowledge of designing about component or
factors
– Most complicated design
Eg. Solar Power Plant
Tidal Power Plant
3D Printers
Phases of Design Process General Design Procedure
Recognize the Need Need or Aim

Mechanism
Use of Scientific / Technical Information
Analysis of Forces

Create Design
Material Selection

Design of Machine Elements

Feedback Prepare a Model

Modifications

Test and Evaluate

Detail Drawing

Prepare Final Design Production

 General Considerations

• Types of External Applied Load & Stresses

• Mechanism
• Selection of Material

• Convenient & Economical Design

• Use of Standard Parts

• Safety of Operation

• Work Shop Facilities

• No of Machines to manufactured

• Cost of Production
• Ease in Assembly
• Frictional Resistance & Lubrication
 Design Requirements

• Strength

• Rigidity
• Wear Resistance
• Manufacturability
• Safety

• Standardization
• Reliability
• Machinability