Leadership in Healthcare

dr. Alo
Introduction
• Effective leadership is essential if a health
services organization is to provide high-
quality care and succeed financially.
• All managers at all levels of the organization,
who depend on other people for efficient and
effective work performance, require
leadership ability.
The quality of leadership is crucial to
how work gets done.
What is Leadership?
• The process of moving a group of people in some
direction through non-coercive means. John Kotter of
Harvard Business School
• The ability to capture the attention of people. Richard
Cyert
• Anyone who can gather followers in a particular
situation. Warren Bennis

Leaders are agents of change, persons

whose acts affect other people more than
other people’s acts affect them.
If you’re so good, why aren’t
you be BETTER ?

PAS : Passion, Attitude,

Skills
Differences in
Leadership vs Management
 Management vs Leadership
MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

• Promotes stability, • Promotes vision,

order and problem creativity, and
solving within change.
existing
organizational
structure and
systems

TAKES CARE OF WHERE TAKES YOU TO A NEW

YOU ARE PLACE
 Qualities: Leaders vs Managers
Leader Manager
SOUL MIND
• Visionary • Rational
• Passionate • Consulting
• Creative • Persistent
• Flexible • Problem solving
• Inspiring • Tough-minded
• Innovative • Analytical
• Courageous • Structured
• Imaginative • Deliberate
• Experimental • Authoritative
• Initiates change • Stabilizing
• Personal power • Position power
 Leadership vs Managership
WHAT THEY DO ?
• Critical decision making • Routine decision making
• Strategic decision • Technical decision
• Option widening • Uncertainty reduction
• Opportunistic surveillance • Problematic search
• Goal setting and changing • Goal achieving
• Prospective • Retrospective
• Proactive • Reactive
• Elevate employee • Exchange with Employee
• Shape the organization’s culture • Work within the organization’s
culture
HOW THEY DO ?
• Emergent
• Personal • Designated
• Moral • Structural
• Consensual, catalyst • Rules and regulations
• Empower people • Hierarchy
• Control and influence people
Born or Breed?
Traits and skills found most frequently to be
characteristic of successful leaders
Traits Skills
• Adaptable to situations • Clever(intelligent)
• Alert to social environment • Conceptually skilled
• Ambitious and achievement- • Creative
oriented. • Diplomatic and tactful
• Assertive • Fluent in speaking
• Cooperative • Knowledgeable about
• Decisive group task
• Dependable • Organized (administrative
• Dominant(desire to influence ability)
others) • Persuasive
• Energetic (high activity level) • Socially skilled
• Persistent
• Self-confident
• Tolerant of stress
• Willing to assume responsibility
 Personal Characteristics of Leaders
Physical Personality Social Characteristics
Characteristics Self-confidence Sociability, interpersonal
Energy Honesty & integrity skills
Physical stamina Enthusiasm Cooperativeness
Desire to lead Ability to enlist cooperation
Social Background Independence Tact, diplomacy
Education
Mobility

Intelligence and Work-related Characteristics

Ability Achievement drive
Judgment, Drive to excel
decisiveness Conscientiousness in pursuit of goals
Knowledge Persistence against obstacles, tenacity
Intelligence, cognitive
ability

11
Gender Differences and Leadership
• Research Findings
▫ Males and females use different styles:
 Women tend to adopt a more democratic or
participative style unless in a male-dominated job.
 Women tend to use transformational leadership.
 Men tend to use transactional leadership.
 Where Female Managers Do Better: A Scorecard

Source: R. Sharpe, “As Leaders, Women Rule,” BusinessWeek, November 20. 2000, p. 75.
Leader ???
KEPEMIMPINAN LAPANGAN YANG EFEKTIF

1. Memiliki “leadership traits”

2. Memahami dan menguasai “azas dan
prinsip serta fungsi “ kepemimpinan
3. Menjadi “follower” yang efektif
4. Menerapkan “gaya / tehnik
kepemimpinan” yang efektif
LEADERSHIP TRAITS
1. Alertness (kewaspadaan)
2. Bearing (penampilan)
3. Courage (keberanian)
4. Decisiveness (pengambil keputusan)
5. Dependability (mandiri)
6. Endurance (daya tahan)
7. Enthusiasm (bersemangat)
8. Force (daya dorong)
9. Humility (sederhana)
10. Humor
11. Initiative (inisiatif)
12. Integrity (integritas)
13. Intelligence (cerdas)
14. Judgment (bijaksana)
15. Justice (adil)
16. Loyalty (setia)
17. Sympathy (simpati)
18. Tact (cekatan)
19. Unselfishness (tidak egois)
Leadership Principles
• Kenali pekerjaan anda
• Kenali diri sendiri dan pengembangan kemampuan
• Kenali anak buah dan upayakan kesejahteraannya
• Anak buah selalu medapat informasi
• Berikan contoh
• Yakinkan tugas dimengerti, disupervisi dan selesai dengan
tuntas.
• Latih anak buah sebagai tim
• Buat keputusan yang masuk akal dan tepat waktu
• Bertanggungjawab dan tumbuhkan rasa tanggungjawab pada
anak buah
• Berikan perintah sesuai dengan kemampuan anak buah.
• Ambil alih tanggungjawab atas semua yang anda kerjakan
Fungsi Leader
1. Menunjukkan arah
2. Memantau kinerja tim
3. Memberi instruksi kepada anggota tim
4. Memberikan bantuan apabila diperlukan
Who is a Follower????
1. Secara sukarela mengerjakan tugas atau menerima
penugasan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi
2. Menunjukkan kesetiaan kepada organisasi
3. Menyuarakan perbedaan pendapat, tetapi mendukung
keputusan kelompok/organisasi
4. Memberikan saran-saran
5. Mempertahankan perilaku yang positif bahkan dalam
masa-masa sulit
6. Bekerja secara efektif sebagai anggota tim.
Teknik Leadership
• INSTRUCTIVE ( PERINTAH )
• INDUCTIVE ( MENGIMBAS )
• PARTICIPATIVE ( PELIBATAN )
• ARGUMENTATIVE ( BERDEBAT )
• CONSULTATIVE ( KONSULTASI )
• EDUCATIVE ( MENDIDIK )
• PERSUASIVE ( MEMBUJUK )
Distinguisher between a
leader and follower
• I : Ideas (supply vs demand)
• I : Implement
• B : Benefit, add value
• R : Realization
• M : Mission (purpose of innovation)
• V : Vision (direction where we want to go)
• V : Values (ie: honesty, quality, safety, etc)
• P : Passion
• T : Trust (Trust increases as fear diminishes)
• R : Resistance to change  biggest obstacle for changes failed

Ideas that you have to implement should have some benefit

realization driven by mission, vision, passion, and trust equal to
more than resistance the change
 Resistance to change
Challenges/ obstacle to make changes happen:
▫ Ignorance (don’t know, never do that before)
 While to make changes, it’s an experiment (80% discovery,
20% what we’ve know)
▫ Apathy (know what should be done, but we choose
not to do; don’t care)
▫ Arrogant (we’re good, why should we change?)
▫ Skepticism
▫ Capacity/resources PAS
▫ Self-interest
▫ Fear (perceive a change as a threat to them)
▫ Fear of failure
 Forces of Change

• To make people change, we have to make them uncomfortable

with the status quo & make them excited with the new changes.
• A change need strong reason  switching cost (time & energy)
• “If you cant change people’s mind, you can’t change anything”
 Forces of Change (cont’d)
• It is often not the change people resist; it is the way
organizations manage it.
• Leadership is directly correlated to and is
synonymous with change.
• The best leader is the one who ask the “Right
Questions”  Story Always Ask the Turtle
• Organizational readiness for change
(commitment, efficacy, readiness) & change
management process.

Not just makes changes happened, but make the

change sustainable
 GENERATING VALUE
 • The best quality is not make the business
FAILURE DRIVES
as market INNOVATION
leader, but TRUST and
REPUTATION is the important thing!
 HOSPITAL: SERVICE  CARE
SERVICE CARE
Apa yang diminta (want) Fokus pada kebutuhan
(need)
Pasien adalah raja Pasien adalah sahabat
RS berusaha memberikan RS memberikan apa yang
layanan di luar paling relevan seturut
ekspektasinya kebutuhan dan harapan
RS mengharapkan pasien Pasien senang dan
kembali lagi merekomendasi kepada
orang lain

COMMUNICATIONS for CARE

RATIONAL -> EMOSIONAL -> SPIRIT
Pasien tidak lagi di atas seperti halnya
SERVICE, tidak lagi di bawah seperti dalam
TARGET, tapi HORISONTAL, sejajar.
Pasien diperlakukan sebagai SAHABAT.
Layanannya berdasarkan ketulusan hati dan
menghindari dari kepura-puraan apalagi
kebohongan.
Thank You