Petness First Petshop

Juan dela Cruz opened his pet shop business called Petness First Petshop. He
opened a bank account for his business and deposited PHP500,000. The business
earned PHP50,000 but he had doubts with the recorded expense of PHP60,000. He
is not sure if he should include the following items as expenses:

Salary expense 20,000

Rent expense 10,000
Utilities expense (at home) 15,000
Utilities expense (at the store) 10,000
Insurance expense 5,000
Withdrawals 10,000
TOTAL 60,000
Accounting Concepts
and Principles
Accounting Concepts and Principles
Are set of logical ideas and procedures that guide the
accounting in recording and communicating economic
information.They provide general frame of reference by which
accounting practice can be evaluated and they serve as guide in
the development of new practices and procedures.
Accounting concepts and principles provide reasonable
assurance that information communicated to users is prepared in a
proper way.
Basic Accounting Concepts
 Business entity principle – a business enterprise is separate and distinct from
its owner or investor.
 Going concern principle – business is expected to continue indefinitely.
 Time period principle – financial statements are to be divided into specific
time intervals.

Reporting period is usually 12 months,although it can be longer or shorter.

Calendar year period-starts on January 1 to December 31 of the same year.
Fiscal year period – also covers 12 months but starts on a date other than January 1.e.g. July 1,
2017 to June 30, 2018.
Interim period – shoarter than 12 months , can be a month quarter or a semi annual period (6
mos.)
 Monetary unit principle – amounts are stated into a single monetary unit  
 Objectivityprinciple – financial statements must be presented with
supporting evidence.
 Cost principle – accounts should be recorded initially at cost.
 Accrual Accounting Principle – revenue should be recognized when earned
regardless of collection and expenses should be recognized when incurred
regardless of payment. On the other hand, the cash basis principle in which
revenue is recorded when collected and expenses should be recorded when
paid. Cash basis is not the generally accepted principle today.
 Matching principle – cost should be matched with the revenue generated.
Disclosure principle – all relevant and material information
should be reported.
Conservatism principle – also known as prudence. In case of
doubt, assets and income should not be overstated while
liabilities and expenses should not be understated.
Materiality principle – in case of assets that are immaterial to
make a difference in the financial statements, the company
should instead record it as an expense.