Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter III - Measure of Central Tendency
Chapter III - Measure of Central Tendency
μ mu (for population)
Mean for Ungrouped Data
Sample Mean: X
X
n
Population Mean:
X
N
Example 1: Mean for Ungrouped Data
Solution:
X
X X X
1 2 X3 Xn
n n
550 420 560 500 700 670 860 480 4 ,740
592 . 50
8 8
Solution:
X X X
1 2 X3 Xn
N N
53 45 59 48 54 46 51 58 55 469
52 . 11
9 9
Sample Mean: X
fX
n
Population Mean:
fX
N
Example 3: Mean for Grouped Data
Class Limits f X fX
Get the product of f
18 – 26 3 22 66
and X
27 – 35 5 31 155
36 – 44 9 40 360
45 – 53 14 49 686
54 – 62 11 58 638
63 – 71 6 67 402
72 – 80 2 76 152
Get the sum
Total 50
2,459
X
fX 2 , 459
49 . 18 Thus, the mean age of people
n 50 taking travel is 49.18.
Other Types of Mean
Weighted Mean
Geometric Mean
Combined Mean
Weighted Mean
w X i i
w 1X1 w 2 X2 w n Xn
Xw i1
n
w 1 w 2 w n
w
i1
i
Example for Weighted Mean
Frequency
Weight
Example for Weighted Mean
Solution:
n
w X i i
w 1X1 w 2 X2 w 3 X3 w 4 X4
Xw i1
n
w1 w2 w3 w 4
w
i1
i
GM n ( X1 )( X2 )( X3 ) ( Xn )
Solution:
GM n ( X1 )( X2 )( X3 )( X4 )( X5 )
Solution:
value at the end of the period
GM n 1 1
value at the start of the period
155
12 1 1 11 7 . 75 1 0 . 2046
20
Hence, badminton clubs are increasing at a rate of almost 0.2046
or 20.46% per month.
Combined Mean
N X i i
N1 X1 N2 X2 Nn Xn
XCM i1
n
N1 N2 Nn
N
1i i
Example for Combined Mean
Solution:
n
N X i i
N 1 X1 N 2 X2 N n Xn
XCM i 1
n
N1 N2 Nn
N 1i i
n 1
Median (Rank Value ) th
2
Example 1: Median for Ungrouped Data
Solution:
5th
Hence, the median age is 53 years.
Example 2: Median for Ungrouped Data
Solution:
4.5th
N 50
cf 17
Median LB 2 (i) 44 . 5 2 (9 ) 49 . 64
f 14
Median
Mode
The following data represent the total sales for PSP 2000 from a
sample of 10 Gaming Centers for the month of August: 15, 17, 10,
12, 13, 10, 14, 10, 8, and 9. Find the mode.
Solution:
The ordered array for these data is
Lowest to Highest
Solution:
Solution:
The ordered array for these data is
Therefore is no mode.
Example 4: Mode for Grouped Data
Class Limits f f
18 – 26 3
LB = 45 – 0.5 27 – 35 5
= 44.5 36 – 44 9
45 – 53 14 Modal Class
54 – 62 11
1=f - f 63 – 71 6
=14-9=5 72 – 80 2 f
2= f - f
Total 50 f
=14-11=3
1 5
Mode LB 44.5
(i ) (9) 50.125 or 50.13
1 2 53
Mode
Midrange
Xlowest Xhighest
Midrange
2
Properties of Midrange
It is easy to compute.
It is unique.
Solution:
Summary Yi = Xi + k Y i = h Xi
Measure
Solution:
Mean (X) = 70, Median (X) = 68, k = 2
Solution:
Mean (X) = ₧1,250 h = 105% = 1.05
Median (X) = ₧1,100
Ungrouped Grouped
kN
k (N 1) cf
Quartiles Qk Q k LB 4 (i)
4 f
kN
k (N 1) cf
Deciles Dk Dk LB 10 (i)
10 f
kN
k (N 1) cf
Percentiles Pk
100 Pk LB 100 (i)
f
Example for Quartiles
Find the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quartiles of the ages of 9 middle-
management employees of a certain company. The ages are 53,
45, 59, 48, 54, 46, 51, 58, and 55.
Solution:
1(N 1) 1(9 1) 10
Q1 2 .5
4 4 4
2 (N 1) 2 (9 1) 2 (10 ) 5
Q2
4 4 4
3 (N 1) 3 (9 1) 3 (10 )
Q3 7 .5
4 4 4
Example for Quartiles
46 48 94 55 58 113
Q1 47 Q3 56 . 5
2 2 2 2
N 50
cf 8
Q 1 LB 4 (i) 35 . 5 4 (9 ) 40
f 9
Solution for Q2
2 N 2 (50 )
Q 2 (Ranked Value ) 25
4 4
Class Limits f cf cf
18 – 26 3 3
LB = 45 – 27 – 35 5 8
0.5 = 44.5 36 – 44 9 17
45 – 53 14 31 Q2 Class
54 – 62 11 42
63 – 71 6 48
72 – 80 2 50 f
Total 50
2N 2 (50 )
cf 17
Q 2 LB 4 (i) 44 . 5 4 (9 ) 49 . 64
f 14
Solution for Q3
3N 3 (50 )
Q 3 (Ranked Value ) 37 . 5
4 4
Class Limits f cf
18 – 26 3 3 cf
27 – 35 5 8
LB = 54 – 36 – 44 9 17
0.5 = 53.5 45 – 53 14 31
54 – 62 11 42 Q3 Class
63 – 71 6 48
72 – 80 2 50
f
Total 50
3N 3 (50 )
cf 31
Q 3 LB 4 (i) 53 . 5 4 (9 ) 58 . 82
f 11
Solution for D7
7 N 7 (50 )
D7 (Ranked Value ) 35
10 10
Class Limits f cf
18 – 26 3 3 cf
27 – 35 5 8
LB = 54 – 36 – 44 9 17
0.5 = 53.5 45 – 53 14 31
54 – 62 11 42 D7 Class
63 – 71 6 48
72 – 80 2 50
Total 50 f
7N 7 (50 )
cf 31
D7 LB 10 (i) 53 . 5 10 (9 ) 56 . 77
f 11
Solution for P22
22 N 22 (50 )
P22 (Ranked Value ) 11
100 100
Class Limits f cf cf
LB = 36 – 18 – 26 3 3
0.5 = 35.5 27 – 35 5 8
36 – 44 9 17 P22 Class
45 – 53 14 31
54 – 62 11 42
63 – 71 6 48 f
72 – 80 2 50
Total 50
22 N 22 (50 )
cf 8
P22 LB 100 (i) 35 . 5 100 (9 ) 38 . 5
f 9
Whatever exist at all exist in some amount…and
whatever exists in some amount can be measured.
– Edward L. Thorndike