Examples of in-text citations:

• "...end of the line for my research [13]."

• "This theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]."
• "Scholtz [2] has argued that..."
• "Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] have suggested that...."
• "For example, see [7].”
Note:
 Authors and dates do not have to be written out after the first reference; use
the bracketed number
 it is not necessary to write “ in reference [2].” Just write “ in [2].”
Creating a Reference List 

• The Reference List appears at the end of your

paper and provides the full citations for all the
references you have used. 

• List all references numerically in the order they've

been cited within the paper, and include the bracketed
number at the beginning of each reference.
Cont.….
 Title your list as References either centered or aligned left at the top of the
page.
 Create a hanging indent for each reference with the bracketed numbers flush
with the left side of the page.
 The hanging indent highlights the numerical sequence of your references.
 The author's name is listed as first initial, last name. Example: Adel Al Muhairy
would be cited as A. Al Muhairy (NOT Al Muhairy, Adel).
 The title of an article is listed in quotation marks.
 The title of a journal or book is listed in italics.
In-text citation (Reading and Note-taking Assignment)

• How is it done?
▫ There are different scenarios:
 Single author
 Multiple authors (two, three-five, more than five)
 More than one work authored by one or more author(s) in one
year
 Works with no identified author or with an anonymous author
 Works without date
 Web documents
 Plagiarism

simply means…
A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being
your own work; to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own; to
use (another's production) without crediting the source; to commit literary theft; to
present as new and original idea or product derived from an existing source.

In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's
work and lying about it afterward.
Cont.…
All of the following are considered plagiarism:
•turning in someone else's work as your own
•copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
•failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
•giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
•changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without
giving credit
•copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the
majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
Cont.…

Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by :

 citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has
been borrowed, and
 providing your audience with the information necessary to find
that source, is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.
Task Three
Paraphrase the same text in the two different ways.
A. in-text citation
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B. end–text citation
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