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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
DISABILITY
American Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD) views
mental retardation as “significantly sub-average general
intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in
adaptive behaviour and manifested during the
developmental period”
DSM-5 defines intellectual disabilities as neurodevelopmental disorders that
begin in childhood and are characterized by intellectual difficulties as well as
difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living. The DSM-5
diagnosis of ID requires the satisfaction of three criteria:
1.
Deficits in intellectual functioning—“reasoning, problem solving, planning,
abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from
experience”—confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized
standard IQ testing
2.
Deficits in adaptive functioning that significantly hamper conforming to
developmental and sociocultural standards for the individual's
independence and ability to meet their social responsibility; and
3.
The onset of these deficits during childhood.
“Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is
a mental disorder of the neurodevelopment type. It is
characterized by difficulty paying attention, excessive
activity, and acting without regards to consequences, which
are otherwise not appropriate for a person's age.”
ADHD
-Vighnesh Manoj
CELEBRITIES THAT HAVE OCD
Attention Deficit Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity
Outdated term prior to1987 disorder
Modern term
HISTORY OF ADHD
COMBINED
INATTENTION HYPERACTIVITY
Children who are inattentive find it Children with ADHD are in constant
difficult to sustain mental effort motion. Sitting still through a
during work or play lesson is impossible for them.
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Services
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DSM-5 Criteria for
ADHD
1. Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in
schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
2. Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
3. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
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4. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish
schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-
tracked).
5. Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities.
6. Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort
over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
7. Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials,
Inattention pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile
telephones).
8. Is often easily distracted
Six or more symptoms of inattention 9. Is often forgetful in daily activities.
for children up to age 16, or five or
more for adolescents 17 and older and
adults; symptoms of inattention have
been present for at least 6 months, and
they are inappropriate for
developmental level:
1. Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
2. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
3. Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate
(adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).
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5.
6.
Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
Often talks excessively.
7. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
8. Often has trouble waiting his/her turn.
9. Often interrupts or intrudes on others.
Hyperactivity and
Impulsivity
Six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-
impulsivity for children up to age 16,
or five or more for adolescents 17 and
older and adults; symptoms of
hyperactivity-impulsivity have been
present for at least 6 months to an
extent that is disruptive and
inappropriate for the person’s
developmental level:
Brain anatomy and function. A lower level of activity in the parts of the brain that
control attention and activity level may be associated with ADHD. See
Genes and heredity. ADHD frequently runs in families. A child with ADHD has a 1 in
4 chance of having a parent with ADHD. It’s also likely that another close family
member, such as a sibling, will also have ADHD. Sometimes, ADHD is diagnosed in a
parent at the same time it is diagnosed in the child.
Prenatal exposures, such as alcohol or nicotine from smoking, increase the risk of
developing ADHD.
TREATMENT
CASE STUDY
ICD-11
ICD-11 uses the term intellectual developmental
disorders to indicate that these are disorders that
involve impaired brain functioning early in life.
These disorders are described in ICD-11 as a meta
syndrome occurring in the developmental period
analogous to dementia or neurocognitive disorder
in later life.
•There are four subtypes in ICD-11: mild, moderate,
severe, and profound.
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