Prevention of Obesity

& Life Style During Pandemic

Nanda Mia Ghaesani - 130110170071
 01
Prevention (primary,
secondary, tertiary)
 Types and Objectives of Prevention
● Interventions in health promotion and prevention aim to avoid diseases and maintain
health.

● WHO classification distinguishes between general, selective, and targeted intervention.

● Prevention programs can be classified as behavior-oriented (individual-based

intervention) or community-/environment-based (context-related intervention).

● Current prevention approaches have focused mainly on behavioral interventions, while

current gaps in obesity prevention lie mainly in the area of community-/environment-
based interventions.

Weihrauch-Blüher et al.: Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103347/pdf/ofa-0011-0263.pdf
Types of prevention
 Primary Prevention

● Primary prevention of obesity may be supported by tracking patients' growth and

by providing information to patients and families about maintaining a healthy
weight.

● HCP must measure height and weight and calculate BMI at every encounter.

● It is important to assess eating behaviors, physical activity, sedentary and screen

time, and family history to determine health risk.

● HCP should reinforce healthy behaviors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5147420/
 Secondary Prevention

● One counseling tool is 5-2-1-0 a Day:

- 5 servings of fruits and vegetables
- Less than 2 hours of screen time
- At least 1 hour of exercise
- 0 sweetened beverages

● These interventions are appropriate for all patients, regardless of BMI, and serve
as secondary prevention measures for those who are obese.

● Secondary prevention individualizes the approach to risk reduction in adolescents

and identifies other risk factors for obesity and related conditions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5147420/
 Tertiary Prevention

● Tertiary prevention of obesity is best performed by providers with the expertise

and knowledge to screen for and manage physical and mental comorbid
conditions, including depression, anxiety, and disordered eating.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5147420/
 Prevention Programs

Weihrauch-Blüher et al.: Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103347/pdf/ofa-0011-0263.pdf
Behavior-Based Prevention In Adolescence
Behavior-Based Prevention In school-aged children & Adolescence

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 Community-/Environment-Based Prevention
● Recommendations for Community-/Environment-Based Prevention

● Recommended the following measures which can only be implemented with the support
of political decision-makers, but are seen as essential for the realization of a sustainable
success in fighting the obesity epidemic :
- Schools must offer a minimum of 60 min of daily physical activity/sports
- Implementation of a sugar tax / fat tax
- Development of binding quality standards for the catering offers in kindergartens and
schools
- Ban of advertisement for unhealthy food targeted at children.
 02
Life Style During
Pandemic
 Nutrition Advice
1. Eat fresh and unprocessed foods every day :
- Eat fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grains and foods from animal sources.
- For snacks, choose raw vegetables and fresh fruit.
- Do not overcook vegetables and fruit.
- When using canned or dried vegetables and fruit, choose varieties without added salt or
sugar.

2. Drink enough water every day : Drink 8–10 cups of water every day

3. Eat moderate amounts of fat and oil :

- Consume unsaturated fats
- Choose white meat & fish
- Avoid processed meats
- low-fat versions of milk and dairy products & Avoid industrially produced trans fats
 Nutrition Advice
4. Eat less salt and sugar :
- Limit your daily salt intake to less than 5 g (approximately 1 teaspoon).
- Avoid foods (e.g. snacks) that are high in salt and sugar
- Limit your intake of soft drinks or sodas and other drinks that are high in sugar

5. Avoid eating out : Eat at home to reduce your rate of contact with other people and lower
your chance of being exposed to COVID-19.

6. Counselling and psychosocial support : ex. People living with chronic illnesses who
have suspected or confirmed COVID-19 may need support with their mental health and
diet to ensure they keep in good health. Seek counselling and psychosocial support.
 Physical Activity Advice

• It is recommended to do moderate intensity exercise regularly at home, which is will ↑

the immunity during Covid-19 pandemic.

• Avoid high intensity exercise as it will ↓ immunity.

 How much physical activity is recommended for your age group?
• Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years :
- At least 60 minutes a day of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity
- This should include activities that strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 days per week
- Doing more than 60 minutes of physical activity daily will provide additional health benefits

• Adults aged over 18 years :

- All adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout
the week, or at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity.
- For additional health benefits, adults should increase their moderate-intensity physical
activity to 300 minutes per week, or equivalent.
- For developing and maintaining musculoskeletal health, muscle-strengthening activities
involving major muscle groups should be done on 2 or more days a week
- In addition, older adults with poor mobility should do physical activity to enhance balance
and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week.
 THANK YOU!

Sources:
1. Weihrauch-Blüher et al.: Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and
Adolescence. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103347/pdf/ofa-0011-0263.pdf
2. https://www.medicalhomeportal.org/clinical-practice/screening-and-prevention/childhood-obesity#
:~:text=Primary%20prevention%20includes%20efforts%20to,average%20risk%20of%20becomin
g%20obese
.
3. http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/nutrition-infocus/nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-1
9-outbreak.html#:~:text=People%20who%20eat%20a%20well,and%20antioxidants%20your%20b
ody%20needs
.
4. https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/healthyat
home/healthyathome---physical-activity