Circulatory

System
OBJECTIVES:
• Describe the functions of the circulatory system
• Identify and describe the parts of the Circulatory System
• Distinguish the types of blood cells and blood vessels
according to size, quantity, and function
• Identify the parts of the human heart
• Describe how the human heart
• Differentiate the types of body circulation
• Explain the function of the lymphatic system
How many times does your heart beat
in a lifetime?
Your heart is like a machine, tirelessly pumping throughout your
life to power your body.

Average heart beats per minute: 72

Average lifespan: 75 years
Average heart beats per hour: 4,320 [72 beats per minute × 60
mins.]
Average heart beats per day: 103,680 [4.320 beats per hour × 24
hrs.]
Average heart bets per year: 37,843,200 [103,680 beats per day ×
365 days]
Average heart beats in lifetime: 2,838,240,000 [37,843,200 beats
per year × 75 yrs.]
Is laughter really the best medicine?
Studies show that a hearty laugh can prompt your blood
vessels to expand and contract, increasing your blood flow by up
to 20%.
The Circulatory System
• also known as the body’s transport system.
• It regulates the flow of the water, nutrients fluids and
substances, and waste materials in the bodies of organisms.
• to deliver food and oxygen to the cells and to pick up carbon
dioxide and waste materials.
• consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels and valves.
Heart

The human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to

all the parts of the body. It is located between your lungs and
above your diaphragm.
Heart

It is so powerful that can pump about 10,000 litters of

blood daily. In the average life span of a person, the heart
beats around 2.5 bullion times without interruption. For
every minute, a normal adult heart beats around 72 times
and pumps around 5.5 liters of blood.
Heart
• Cardiac Muscle – an involuntary, striated type of muscle, with
associated nervous and connective tissues.
• Septum - prevents the crossing of blood from one side to the
other.
- divides the heart into two sides:
• The right side receives deoxygenated blood collected from the
different parts of the body.
• The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
• Atria – upper thin-walled chambers
- collecting chambers of the heart.
• The right atrium (RA) collects venous unoxygenated blood from
the body.
• The left atrium (LA) receives red oxygenated blood from the
lungs.
Heart
• Ventricles – lower, thick-walled chambers
- pumping chambers or the heart
• The right ventricle (RV) pumps blue venous blood out of your
heart and into the lungs for oxygenation.
• The left ventricle (LV) pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart
to all parts of the body.
• Pulmonary Artery (PA) – carries deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
• Pulmonary Vein (PV) – brings back oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Blood

Blood is the internal circulating medium of the human body.

The main function of blood is to carry nutrients and oxygen to
the cells of the body and carry away carbon dioxide and
nitrogenous waste from the body cells. It consists of 55%
plasma, the liquid part, and the 45% blood cells or formed
elements (red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets).
Blood

The red blood cells (RBC) or erythrocytes are small, round,

biconcave-disk shaped cells that are thinned out in the center.
RBC are formed in the bone marrow. A young red blood cell has
a nucleus like any other cell. As it matures, its nucleus
disappears. The mature RBC the leaves your bone marrow and
passes into your bloodstream where it serves its functions.
Blood

Each erythrocyte contains more than 200 million molecules

of hemoglobin. This protein substance contains iron and carries
oxygen. It also gives the erythrocyte its red color. RBCs deliver
oxygen to the body tissues and cells. They also pick up waste
materials and carbon dioxide from the cells.
Blood
The white blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are the
wandering cells in the blood. They circulate in the bloodstream
and have nothing to do with the delivery of food and oxygen.
They can be compared to the police whose job is to protect the
body against foreign-invading substances, particularly bacteria.
Leukocytes are true cells having their own nuclei. They
occur in different varieties under two general groups: the
phagocytes and the lymphocytes. The phagocytes engulf foreign
substances and they provide non-specific immunity, while the
lymphocytes produce antibodies to attack the body enemies and
they provide specific immunity.
Blood
The blood platelets or thrombocytes are irregularly-shaped
colorless bodies present in the blood. They are not true cells but
are membrane-bound cell fragments without a nuclei, that bud
off from large cells in the bone marrow. Platelets are useful to the
body because they contain and release a substance called
thromboplastin, a type of protein that is needed for blood
clotting.
Blood clotting begins when a blood vessel is injured. Blood
comes into contact with the tissue around the injury. Several
substances, such as calcium and protein, combine to trap the red
and white blood cells and form a mesh. This clot then plugs the
leak caused by the wound. It also becomes the foundation on
which the new tissue ill be built to heal the wound.
Blood
Plasma is composed of water, proteins, electrolytes and other
substances. Proteins are made up of fibrinogen, globulin, and
albumin while the rest is composed of nutrients, waste products,
gases and hormones. Cells receive nourishment from dissolved
substances carried in the plasma. These substances include
minerals, vitamins, amino acids and glucose absorbed during the
process of digestion and transported to the cells. It also transports
waste materials to the excretory system for excretion. Blood
plasma also contains antibodies, or substances that protect and
defend your body from infection.
Blood Vessels

Blood vessels serve as “highways” through which blood is

circulated in the body. There are three types of blood vessels:
arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The Arteries

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood

away from the heart to the different parts of the body.as they get
farther from the heart, they branch and rebranch like a tree. They
divide into several arteries called arterioles.
Aorta brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. It is
divided into a number of branches that go to the head and the
neck, the arms, and the major organs in the chest and abdomen of
the body.
The Arteries

The beating is called the pulse, which is brought about by

the flow of blood that is being pumped through one of your wrist
arteries. Every pulse beat you have is normally also a beat of
your heart.
Arterial walls are thicker compared with veins. This design
is of great advantage because blood passing through them exerts
more pressure. Arteries also lie deeper in the body to provide
added support.
The Capillaries
The word capillary is derived from the Latin word capillus,
meaning hair.
Capillaries are thin, delicate tubes that are only one cell
thick. Capillaries are only slightly bigger in diameter than red
blood cells.
Capillaries are the abundant microscopic blood vessels that
carry blood throughout the tissues and organs, connecting the
small veins and arteries.
It serve as sites through which materials between the blood
and cells are exchanged.
The Veins
Veins are thin-walled vessels compared to arteries, carry
non-oxygenated blood towards the heart, except for the
pulmonary vein.
Unlike in the arteries, blood moves slower in the veins. The
walls of the veins are more delicate but wider; inside these
vessels are valves that allow blood to travel in one direction only.
The valves are spaced at intervals along the length of the venous
tubes.
The Veins
There are two large veins in the body, the superior and
inferior venae cavae. The superior vena cava (SVC) is located at
the upper part of the heart and brings blood from the head and
arms. The inferior vena cava (IVC) is located at the lower part of
the heart and brings blood from the lower parts of the body.
Blood that enters the veins comes from the capillaries. With
light and constant pressure in the veins, blood flows smoothly
and evenly.
Valves

Valves are flaps of tissues that prevent the backward flow or

regurgitation of blood. These are located between the atrium and
the ventricle, and at the base of arteries that are attached to the
heart.
Valves

The heart valves are the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves.
The flow of blood to the heart begins with non-oxygenated
blood, which comes from the different parts of the body, entering
the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and fill the right
atrium. This causes the tricuspid valve, found between the right
atrium and right ventricle, to open bringing blood to the right
ventricle. This valve closes when blood reaches the right
ventricle to prevent regurgitation.
Valves
From the right ventricle, blood is pumped in to the
pulmonary arteries, and then flows to the capillaries to the air
sacs in the lungs. Here, blood gives off carbon dioxide and some
water and takes in oxygen. Once oxygenated, the blood flows to
the pulmonary veins, into the left atrium. With pressure build-up,
the mitral valve, which is located between the left atrium and left
ventricle, opens and oxygenated blood is pumped into the left
ventricle.
Again, blood fills up this chamber creating an increase in
pressure which initiates the opening of aortic valve.
Valves
The “lubb dupp” is the sound produced by the heart during
contraction and relaxation. The “lubb” sound is caused by the
closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves during ventricular
contraction, forcing blood to the sinoventricular (SV) valves.
The “dupp” sound is caused by the snapping sound of the SV
valves as blood moves from the ventricles to the atria.
Patterns of Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation is the movement of blood from the
heart to the lungs, and back to the heart. The contraction of the
right ventricle of the heart forces the blood into the pulmonary
artery. This venous blood, charged with carbon dioxide, enters
the lungs, passing through capillaries. It gives up carbon dioxide
taken from the body cells and receives a fresh supply of oxygen.
This arterial blood hen passes through the pulmonary veins, into
the left chamber of the heart. The circulation therefore involves
the lungs as oxygen supplier and absorber of carbon dioxide.
Patterns of Circulation
Systemic Circulation involves the heart, the blood vessels
and all body parts. Arterial blood is forced from the left atrium to
the right ventricle of the heart. The ventricle then contracts,
forcing the blood through the aorta. The blood the passes through
the branches, the arteries whose diameters have gradually
diminished. These arteries lead in turn to several arterioles,
which again branch into capillaries. It is in the capillaries where
the exchange of food and gases and the removal of cell wastes
occur. Venous blood then travels from the veins connected to the
capillaries to the two biggest veins in the system., which serve as
entrances to the heart.
The Circulatory System
• It regulates the flow of water, nutritive fluids and substances,
and waste materials in the body.
• The components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood,
blood vessels and valves.
• The human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts
of the body.
• Blood is the internal circulating medium of the human body.
• Blood vessels serve as “highways” through which blood is
circulated in the body. The three types of blood vessels are
arteries, veins and capillaries.
• Valves are flaps of tissue that prevent the backward flow or
regurgitation of blood.
The Circulatory System
• Blood circulation in the body can be divided into two:
pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
• Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart
to the lungs, and back to the heart.
• Systemic circulation follows pulmonary circulation, once
blood is in the aorta of the heart, blood will move out of the
heart to be circulated to all parts and other subsystems..
Tips for a Better Heart Health
• Aim for lucky number seven.
• Keep the pressure off.
• Slash saturated fats.
• Find out if you have diabetes.
• Move more.
• Clean up.
• Think beyond the scale.
• Ditch the cigarettes, real and electronic.
• Do more of what you love.
• Celebrate every step.