Philosophy = 2 gr. wds.

PHYLOS (Love)
SOFIA (Wisdom)
Branches of Philosophy

Love 1. Epistemology (knowledge)

2. Ethics (goodness)
3. Aesthetics (beauty)
Of 4. Metaphysics
phi

wisdoM
 Philosophizing as:
- A discipline of questioning.
- Liberation from encapsulate, conditioning, and determination.
- Liberation to the horizon of possibilities.
- Liberation to affirm one’s possibilities and one’s determination.

Truth becomes Becoming

visible. wise
 Truth becomes
visible.
2, Aristotle
1. Theoretical K Practical
- Knowing the necessary I - Knowing truths that
truth and their logical N have to do with our
consequence dealings with human
D
beings.
S
 3 views of Philosophical Thought
1. Cosmocentric – Kosmos (gr)
- Origin of the universe.

Thales, Anaximander, - Ancient philosophy seeks to

Anaximenes, understand the world because they
Phythagoras, and Atomists) are ignorant about the workings of
the universe.

Main question: where did all things

come from?
3 views of Philosophical Thought
2. Theocentric – theos (gk)
- The world become secondary to
St. Augustine, don’t God.
forget  - The time of the medieval period.
Confession

Influence: Summa Theologica, St. Thomas Aquinas

- Explains about Christian faith and the five ways
of proving God’s existence
Ex. Unmoved Mover, & Uncaused caused.
3 views of Philosophical Thought
Period of
rationalism (reason) and
empiricism (sense experience)
3. Anthropological – anthrops (gk)
- man
- Characterized by subjectivity and
individualism.
- Result of the rise of modern science
and the diminished authority of the
Church

Influence: Bertrand Russel

- Made man realize the practical utility of
science as a technique rather than a doctrine
that explained the nature if the world.
 Life?
your
How do
you
HOY! Don’t
worry! 
The wise doesn’t
give the right
answers, he poses
the right questions.
- Claudi Levi Strauss
Don’t be afraid You might be
to ask. stupid, and it is fine.
Philosophy is not only for philosophers
- Every person has the capacity to find the value of
philosophy in his or her own life.

- Without formal education to the discipline you may not be aware

that you are engaging in Philosophy
RATIONALISM
- Pioneering: Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650)
- Benedict Spinoza (1632 – 1677)
Gottfried Leibniz (1646 – 1716)
- Knowledge is acquired through reason independent of sense
experience.
EMPIRICISM
- John Locke, George Berkeley ,and David
Hume
- All knowledge is ultimately derived sense experience.
- The human mind is like a blank sheet of paper (tabula rasa)
that is later filled through sense experience.
Tabula Rasa
The human mind is empty or blank
Ideas are gained only through to reaction of the
senses to the external world of objects.
SOCRATES (469 – 399 b.c.e)
Questioning and answering
as a concrete living
“Kno
w
The truth Dialectic.
and thyself
”
 Truth dialectic and .

Philosophers rely on the human faculty of reason

as they philosophize.

Rationality
Dialogues
illustrate
An effective means of
Is an art of
Dialectic= examining and evaluating
refutation.
TRUTH claims.
 Plato

Aristotle

After
Socrates and
the Dialogues.