 The commodity concept

 The Factor of Production (Fop) concept

 The Goodwill concept
 The Paternalistic concept
 The Humanitarian/Human Relations concept
 The Human Resource/Modern concept
 The Emerging concept
• Workers were
considered as a
commodity like any other
factor of production
which can be bought.
• The working conditions
were worst, workers
worked from dawn to
dusk under unhygienic,
unsafe working
conditions for low wages
• Scientific methods of
production, scientific
selection, training of
workers, and
compensating them
handsomely for
achieving output
standards
• Welfare measures like
safety, first aid, lunch
room, rest room were
provided to have a
positive impact on
worker’s productivity
• Management assumed
a fatherly and
protective attitudes
towards employees
• The approach of
management was as if
they offering a favour
rather than giving as
rights
• Considers human
resources as an asset
for a sustainable
competitive advantage
• Conscious effort to
realize organizational
goals by satisfying
needs and aspirations
of employees
• Today's workforce
considers themselves as
partners in industry.
• Employee empowerment
practices like stock
option plans, profit
sharing plans and more
autonomy and
challenging
responsibilities for
workforce.