PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT
• We use it for actions that ocurred before another action in the past.
GRAMMATICAL RULES
• As in the present perfect the past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “to have” and the past
participle. The auxiliary verb will be in the past.

SUBJECT AUXILIAR VERB SHORT FORM PAST PARTICIPE

I, you, he, she, it, had I’d, you’d, he’d, Studied,visited,

we, they she’d, it’d, we’d, worked
they’d
 STRUCTURE
1) Affirmative sentences
SUBJECT + “HAD” + PAST PARTICIPLE
- I had visited the louvie
- They had studied english
2) Negative sentences
SUBJECT + “HAD” + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
- I had not visited
- They had not studied english
3) Interrogative sentences
“HAD” + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
- How did you know where the mona lisa was
- Had they studied english
 USES
1) We use the perfect past to refer to an action a event that began in the past and that precedes
another action also in the past. The action that happened first is in the past perfect and the one
that follows in the past simple
- I’d read the book before I saw the movie
- Donna had just left when you called
- Had you ever flown before the trip to france?
2) It is used for actions thah occurred before a specific time in the past
- I had already woken up when the alarme clock rang at 7am
- He han’t been to france before the trip in 2008

3) Also, as in the present perfect, with some verbs we use the past perfect for situations that
began in the past and that followed up to a specific point in the past.
THANKS