ANAEMIA

Dr Amber Farooq
 Definition
• REDUCED oxygen carrying capacity of the
blood due to reduction in Hb
 Classification
• Erythrocyte production decreased
iron def
Megaloblastic anaemia
hypoplastic anaemia
• Increased erythrocyte loss
hemolytic anaemia
normocytic anaemia
 Signs and symptoms
• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Breathlessness on exertion
characteristics
 Iron deficiency Anemia
• Males requirement-1 to 2mg
• Females requirent-3mg
 Iron deficiency anemia
• MCH  27pg/cell
• Hbbelow 9g/dl
• Microcytic
• Hypochromic
• ↓intake,↑iron requirements,↓absorption
 Megaloblastic Anemia
• Vit B12 and or folic acid immature
erythrocyte megaloblasts
• Normal erythropoieiscell rate divison is so
rapidRBC’s are smaller than usual
• ↓folic aciddecrease rate of cell
divisioncells increasing in sizenucleated
MCV>94pg/flfragile
 Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
• Pernicious
anemiaautoantibodiesdestruction of
IF45-65 years
• True vegans
• Gastrectomy
• Chronic gastritis
• Malabsorption
 Folic acid deficiency
• Dietary deficiency
• Infants
• Anorexia
• Pregnancy
• Malabsorption from jejunum
• Interference with folate mechanism
 Aplastic anaemia
• Bone marrow failure
• Leukopenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Pancytopenia
• Idiopathic
• Cytotoxic drugsanticonvulsant drugs
• Ionising radiation
 Hemolytic Anemia
• RBC’s removed cells abnormal or spleen is
overactive
• Sickle cell Anemia
• Thalassemia
 Sickle cell Anemia
• Abnormal molecules become misshapen when
deoxygenated making them sickle shaped.
• Blacks more affected
• Relative immunity towards malaria
 Thalassemia
• Reduced globin synthesis
• ↓HB production reduced
• ↑fragility of cell membrane