Origins and Theory of the Universe

The Universe is all of space and time and their

contents, including planets, stars, galaxies and all other
forms of matter and energy. While the spatial size of the
entire Universe is unknown, it is possible to measure the
size of the observable universe, which is currently
estimated to be 93 billion light years in diameter.
"Cosmos" is just another word for universe, and
"cosmology" is the study of the origin, evolution and fate
of the universe.
 If you will be given a chance to create
your own universe, what will it be like?
 In the Bible, there was time when the world
did not exist. Only God existed. He decided to
create the world and with that decision, the world
began.
the universe is everything that exists. All the
planets, stars, and galaxies are part of the
universe, and so, is all of space.
1. Big Bang Theory
Most astronomers believe that the universe began about
15 billion years ago, in a huge explosion they called the Big
Bang. This theory successfully explains the expansion of the
universe and the observed abundance of helium in the universe.
• First developed in 1927 by Georges Lemaitre (1984-1966)
• and coined and revised by George Gamow (1904-1968)
Georges Lemaitre George Gamow
2. Steady-State Theory

This non-standard cosmology (i.e. opposed to the standard Big

Bang model) has occurred in various versions since the Big Bang theory was
generally adopted by the scientific community. A popular variant of
the steady state universe was proposed in 1948 by the English
astronomer Fred Hoyle and the and Austrians Thomas Gold and Hermann
Bondi. It predicted a universe that expanded but did not change its density,
with matter being inserted into the universe as it expanded in order to
maintain a constant density.
 Fred Hoyle
Sir Hermann Bondi

Thomas Gold
3. Oscillating Universe

•Oscillating Universe - This was Einstein’s favored model after he rejected

his own original model in the 1930s. The oscillating universe followed from 
Alexander Friedmann’s model of an expanding universebased on the general
relativity equations for a universe with positive curvature (spherical space),
which results in the universe expanding for a time and then contracting due to
the pull of its gravity, in a perpetual cycle of Big Bang followed by Big
Crunch. Time is thus endless and beginningless, and the beginning-of-time
paradox is avoided.
THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1. Nebular Hypothesis
The theory: Hyd rogen and ot her
gases swirled arou nd and
con densed in to our sun and it s
planets.
The nebular hypothesis is the most
widely accepted model in the field of
cosmogony to explain the formation and
evolution of the Solar System. It suggests
that the Solar System formed from
nebulous material. The theory was
developed by Immanuel Kant and
published in his Universal Natural History
and Theory of the Heaven. Originally
applied to our own Solar System, this
process of planetary system formation is
now thought to be at work throughout
the universe.
 2. Fission Theory
The theory: One
day our sun bur st open, and
planets and moons

shot out at high

speeds and went to their respecti ve
places, then stopped, and star ted orbiti ng
the sun, as the
moons began orbiti ng the planets.
 3. Capture Theory

Thetheory: Planets and moons were

f lying around, and some were
capt ured by our sun and
circling. began
 4. Accretion Theory
The theory: A pile of space dust and rock
chunks pushed together into our planet, and
another pile pushed itself into our moon.
Then the moon got close enough and began
encircling the ear th.
 5. Planetary Collision Theory
The theory: Our world collided with a small
planet, and the explosion threw of f rocks
which became the moon, and then it began
orbiting us.
 6. Stellar Collision Theory
 The theory: Our planet s, moons,
suns spun of and from the collision
f
between stars.
 7. Gas Cloud Theory
The theory: Gas clouds were captured by our sun. But
instead of being drawn into it, they began whirling and
pushing themselves into planets and moons.