Turn to your shoulder

partner and talk about

what you think it is like to
be an ell student
A Mother's Story
History and
Politics of
ELL
By: Arianna Boelens, Theresa
Scarola, Olivia Wrieth
 How Will I Discuss Each Element of
this Presentation?
Who How
Discuss who this How people
side affected were impacted
by list event
and how it
What impacted the

Key information about Wher education of

ELL overall
the event/legislation as
well as facts about the
When lawewas
Where the

individual point in time When this passed or

act/legislation where it
occurred occurred
 Objectives
● Students will be able to:
○ Identify key information regarding the history and
politics of ELL.
○ Construct a timeline of when
acts/lawsuits/legislations occurred.
○ Assess how people were affected by specific events
and how it impacted English Language Learners.
 What are some key points to
● ELL know?
English Language Learners

● ESL
English as a Second Language

● LEP
Limited English Proficiency

● TESOL
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages

efl English as a Foreign Language

 ESL VS. ELL
ESL assumes that English is going to be the
student’s second language

ELL acknowledges that English may be the

child’s second, third, fourth or even fifth
language
 01
A General
Timeline of ELL
● 1664- Beginning of bilingual
education in the U.S.
● 1919- A total of 34 states enact
English only instruction laws
● 1923- Myer v. Nebraska
● 1958- National Defense
Education Act
● 1961- Bilingual Education is
reborn
● 1963- Success of a two way
bilingual program inspired
the implementation of similar
programs elsewhere
● 1964- Civil Rights Act
● 1968- The Bilingual Education Act
● 1970- Lau v. Nichols
● 1974- Equal Education
Opportunities Act
● 1978- Castaneda v. Pickard
● 1984- Majority of programs
funded by Elementary and
Secondary Education Acts are
re-organized into two divisions:
Title I and Title II
● 1998- California Proposition 227
● 2001- No Child Left Behind Act
(NCLB)
 02
A look at the major
court cases
 Myer v. Nebraska
WHAT
Who Nebraska passed a law that restricted
Myer and the state of teaching children any other language
Nebraska than English. A teacher named Myer,
taught German to children and broke
When this law.
1923
HOW
WHERE The court declared that Nebraska
violated the due process clause of the
14th amendment. The case allowed ELL
Nebraska children to be taught in their native
language as well as English.
 National Defense
Who
Education Act
WHAT
Students earning teaching The first official act towards advancements in
certificates & students of education in subjects like mathematics, science and
those teachers foreign language. Attempted to improve and
promote post-secondary education. Provided loans

When and scholarships to students pursuing a teaching

certificate focusing on many subjects including
1958 foreign languages.

WHERE Huge step towards building the

importance and focus of ESL education.
United States HO Began to change the way we as a nation
Federal Legislation focus on English as a Second Language
W Education
 Civil rights act
Who WHAT
People of many ages, races, Huge turning point in the history of the
ethnic backgrounds and United States. Ensured nobody couldc be
religions discriminated against due to race, sex,
color or national origin.
When HOW
1964
This act was important to the education of ELL
WHERE because it banned students from being
discriminated against in their schools. Not only
United States impacted the civil rights of students in the U.S., but
National Level also affected the education of English Language
Legislation Learners
 The bilingual
Who
education act
WHAT
An act passed by Lyndon B. Johnson in support of
Impacted all Limited English the education of LESA students. First federal act
Speaking Ability (LESA) signed into law which was to the benefit of LESA
students across the U.S. students. Meant to provide funds through grants to
school districts in order to better service LESA
When students.

1968 HOW
Provided better opportunities for
WHERE education of LESA students. Provided
school districts with the funds they need
United States
National Level to give these students a quality
Legislation education and the services they need.
 Lau v. Nichols
Who WHAT
Chinese students who were not proficient in English
Lau (a chinese student) and received no supplemental English courses. The
the officials of the San students argued that this created an unequal
Francisco United School educational opportunity and that it violated the 14th
District amendment of the civil rights act

When
Court ruled that it did violate the 14th amendment
1970
because it deprived those students an equal

WHERE HO opportunity to learn and succeed. Required schools

to provide supplemental language courses to ELL
San Francisco, CA
W students in order to provide them with a meaningful
education
 Equal Education
opportunities
Who WHAT
act
Reinforced the idea that
A federal act focusing on the treatment
English Language Learners
of special population students such as
should be given proper
students with disabilities or ELL.
accommodations to fit their
needs

When HOW
1974 Maintained the idea that students, staff, and
faculty will not be discriminated against in the
WHERE educational setting in the United States, thus
United States National allowing for more accommodations for English
Level Legislations Language Learners.
Castaneda v. Pickard
WHAT
Who Filed by parents of Mexican-American
students. These parents believed their
Parents of Mexican-
American Students children were being discriminated
against due to their race or ethnicity.

When HOW
The court case was overturned and
1978 therefore did not affect the education of
ELL, however it did bring more awareness.
WHERE This case ruled that students cannot be
grouped into sections based on race,
Texas
ethnicity, heritage or language abilities.
 California
Proposition
Who
227
WHAT
A proposition which was placed on a
All English Language California ballot, which required LEP
Learners in the state of (Limited English Proficient) students to be
California taught in English only classes.

When HOW
1998
Eliminated most bilingual/special classes classes in
WHERE California and forced students who were in focused
classes out of their programs after one year of
instruction into a regular English course. Decrease in
California the performance gap between native English speakers
and English Language Learners.
 No child left behind
Who
act WHAT
Brought underway by the Obama administration and
Students across the United impacted many students the United States. Meant to
States reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education
Act across the U.S. in order to improve educational
When outcomes for all students
2001
HOW
WHERE Provided a reauthorization of the
Elementary and Secondary Education
United States Act which impacted the accessibility of
Government National quality and equal education for children
Level Legislation affected by poverty.
 Let’s watch and learn!

The history of ELL

Education in the United
States
 1. Myer v. Nebraska
DIRECTIONS: ON A 2. Beginning of bilingual education in
PIECE OF PAPER, PUT
THESE SIGNIFICANT
the U.S.
EVENTS IN THE 3. National Defense Education Act
CORRECT ORDER. YOU
MAY WORK 4. Lau v. Nichols
INDIVIDUALLY OR WITH 5. Civil Rights Act
SOMEONE NEXT TO
YOU. 6. Equal Education Opportunities Act
7. No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
8. The Bilingual Education Act
9. Castaneda v.s. Pickard
10. A total of 34 states enact English
only instruction laws
Take out your phones/laptops! It’s time
for kahoot!

Kahoot
Learning Styles

Visual
Pictures and Videos
Auditory
Spoken Words and Videos
Tactile
Completing Written Activities
Social
Communicating with Peers
Applied
Given Examples
 Resources
https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/chronology-federal-law-and-policy-impacti
ng-language-minority-students
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1900-1940/262us390
https://study.com/academy/lesson/castaneda-v-pickard-decision-impacts.html
https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_227,_the_%22English_in_Public_Sc
hools%22_Initiative_(1998)
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1973/72-6520
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of-1
964#:~:text=The%20Civil%20Rights%20Act%20of%201964%20prohibits%20disc
rimination%20on%20the,religion%2C%20sex%20or%20national%20origin.&text=
The%20Act%20prohibited%20discrimination%20in,and%20the%20desegregation
%20of%20schools
.