Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Maintenance of Psychopathology
Biopsychosocial theory of psychopathology
Biological Psychological
Feedback Loops
Emphasis on Emphasis on
biological psychological
processes (e.g., factors, such as
genetics) early childhood
experience and self-
concept
Feedback Loops Social
Emphasis on Feedback Loops
interpersonal
relationships and
social environment
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vulnerability Stress
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Biological Theories of Abnormality
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Biochemical Causes of
Abnormality
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Genetic Factors in Abnormality
Polygenic process: it
Alterations in the structure
Chromosomes are takes multiple genetic
or number of
made up of individual chromosomes can cause abnormalities to
genes. create one disorder.
major defects.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Psychological Theories of
Abnormality
Psychodynamic Theories Unconscious conflicts between primitive
desires and constraints give rise to mental
illness
Behavioral Theories Symptoms of mental disorders due to
reinforcements and punishments for
specific behaviors and feelings
Developed by Freud
Id Pleasure principle, primary
process (wish fulfillment)
Stages Age
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Classical Conditioning
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Classical Conditioning
US UR
US + CS UR
CS CR
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Operant Conditioning
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mowrer’s two factor theory
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Observational Learning
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cognitive Theories of Abnormality
Types of cognition
– Causal attributions
– Control beliefs
Thoughts Feelings
– Dysfunctional
assumptions
Behaviors
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Some Common Global
Dysfunctional Assumptions
Once
something
I should be affects my life,
I am worthless
loved by it will affect it
and unlovable
everyone for forever.
everything I
do.
I should be
I must have terribly upset
perfect self by certain
control. situations.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Humanistic and Existential
Theories of Abnormality
Suggest that all humans strive to fulfill their potential
for good and to self-actualize.
The inability to fulfill one’s potential arises from the
pressures of society to conform to others’
expectations and values, and from existential
anxiety.
Carl Rogers: Unconditional/Conditional Positive
Regard
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social and Interpersonal
Approaches
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social and Interpersonal
Approaches, continued
Interpersonal Mental disorders are a result of
Theories long-standing patterns of negative
relationships that have roots in
early caregivers
Family Systems Families create and maintain
mental disorders in individual
Theories family members to maintain
homeostasis.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Interpersonal Theory
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Family Systems Theory
The family is a complex system that works to
maintain the status quo, or homeostasis.
Roots of disorder are within the family, not the
individual.
Family systems theories may be more applicable to
treatment of children since they are more enmeshed
in the family than other members of the family.
Chapter 2 Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.