James A.

Henretta
Eric Hinderaker
Rebecca Edwards
Robert O. Self

America’s History
Eighth Edition
America: A Concise History
Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 10
A Democratic Revolution
1800–1844
Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
 I. The Rise of Popular Politics,
1810–1828
A. The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties
1. The Rise of Democracy
-PA+VT franchise male taxpayers. MA men argue
property requirements for voting are tyranny. State offers
wider franchise. New states allow more men to vote.
Politics attracts powerful entrepreneurs + speculators.
2. Parties Take Command
Political machines emerge w/ specific interests.
Martin Van Buren wants system based on party identity.
Statewide machine in NY. Used Newspaper to promote
policies. Created Spoils System.
 I. The Rise of Popular Politics,
1810–1828
B. The Election of 1824
1. The Republican Party
-broke into competing factions.
2. Andrew Jackson
-War hero. Lawyer+slave owner. Plain
solid republican. No absolute majority in election.
Congeress chooses J. Q Adams.
 I. The Rise of Popular Politics,
1810–1828
C. The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams
1. The Fate of Adams’s Policies
-Adams endorses Clay’s American
System.
2. The Tariff Battle
-Adams advocates high import tariffs on
English cotton cloth. NE can dominate market. The
Tariff of 1828 raised many duties. Angered
southerners. Blamed Adams for increase in
manufactures prices.
 I. The Rise of Popular Politics,
1810–1828
D. “The Democracy” and the Election of 1828
1. “Democrats”
-Van Buren ran Jackson’s campaign. Plan to
appeal to both north and south.
2. Equal rights and popular rule
-Fight for equality. Mass appeal. Some wealthy
fear Jacksons popularity.
 II. The Jacksonian Presidency,
1829–1837
A. Jackson’s Agenda: Rotation and Decentralization
1. “Kitchen Cabinet”
-Small group of advisors that helped make
policies.
2. Patronage
-to instill loyalty + discipline. Admin
officers rotate positions. Rewarded friends w/ jobs.
Opposed gov intervention in economic development.
Rejected transportation subsidies.
 II. The Jacksonian Presidency,
1829–1837
B. The Tariff and Nullification
1. The Tariff of 1828
-South opposed tariffs. SC black majority.
Feared rebellion.
2. South Carolina and “nullification”
-SC Ordinance of Nullification in 1832.
Declared tariffs null/void. Threatened secession. John.
C. Calhoun supports SC. Jackson disagrees.
Threatens force. SC gives up.
 II. The Jacksonian Presidency,
1829–1837
C. The Bank War
1. Jackson’s Bank Veto
-Second Bank of US supposed to stabilize
money supply. Opponents want state banks. Jackson
vetoes calling bank subversive. People favor Jackson.
2. The Bank Destroyed
-Taney appointed head of Treasury
Department (1833). Withdrew fed money from bank,
depositing it in state banks. 1836 Jackson doesn’t
renew banks charter.
 II. The Jacksonian Presidency,
1829–1837
D. Indian Removal
1. Cherokee Resistance
-White demand for land pushes natives west.
Cherokee adopting white culture. Full blood Cherokee
want to preserve culture. Jackson stops using fed troops to
protect Cherokee in GA, AL, MI
2. The Removal Act and Its Aftermath
-Challenged by evangelical Protestants, but passed.
Cherokees challenge in supreme court (Worcester v
Georgia 1832). Court sides with Cherokee. US gov signs
Treaty of New Echota, and forced removal begins.
 II. The Jacksonian Presidency,
1829–1837
E. The Jacksonian Impact
1. The Taney Court
-advocate of states rights and free
enterprise. Mayor of NY v. Miln (1837) rules police can
use power to inspect health of immigrants.
2. States Revise Their Constitutions
-Democrats call to create new state
constitutions. Embodied principles of classic
liberalism/laissez faire. Limit govs role in economy.
 III. Class, Culture, and the Second
Party System
A. The Whig Worldview
1. Calhoun’s Dissent
-Whig Party (1834) oppose “kinglike” Jackson
policies. Supported political candidates of wealth + ability.
Not strong in South (support of high tariffs / social
mobility). Calhoun argues North wage labor system
contradicts Whig ideology.
2. Anti-Masons Become Whigs
-temperance, equal opportunity, and evangelical
morality. Van Buren runs against Whigs and wins
contending less go is better.
 III. Class, Culture, and the Second
Party System
B. Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837–1843
1. Workers form a political party
-1828 Working Men’s Party. Convince PA to support
tax-supported schools; weakness in statewide elections.
By 1830 most joined Democratic Party.
2. Financial panic and economic depression
-Panic of 1837 resulted from drop in money flowing
from Britain to US. 1839 bond prices fall in Europe. 9
states cant pay interest on bonds. 1843 US in depression.
Canal construction down 90% + wages fell. Unemployment
20% some sectors.
 III. Class, Culture, and the Second
Party System
C. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!”
1. The Log Cabin Campaign
-Public blames democrats esp. Van Buren
who did nothing to stimulate economy.
2. Tyler Subverts the Whig Agenda
-Harrison died of pneumonia after 1
month in office. Tyler supported Democrats more than
Whigs. Similar economic plan to Jackson. Committed to
slavery and states rights.