Computer Language

UNIT - 2

01
02 Programming Language Programmer

03 Machine Language
04 Low level and High level Language

Language Processor 0
5
Language: Is the language understood by the computer. It consist of set of words,
symbols and codes

Program: Set of instructions given to a computer to do a task.

Programming: Process of writing a program is called programming

Programmer: Those who are writing programs are called Programmer.

Machine understand only one language, is called Machine language. This language uses
binary digits 0 and 1 only.

Human language cant understood by computer, they convert it into machine language using some software.
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Lots of programming languages are available now. All are developed for specific
uses

Programming Languages are classified into two

1. Low level language

2. High level language

 LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE

Low level languages are used to write programs that relate to the specific architecture and
hardware of a particular type of computer. They are closer to the native language of a computer
(binary).

Low level languages are two type

Machine Language

Assembly Language
 1. MACHINE LANGUAGE

It is called machine understandable language. Also called First generation Language

Computer can understand only 0s and 1s, so it is no need to translate.

Limitations:

1. Machine language is Machine dependent

Because it run only on the computer which have been developed.

2. Not portable from one computer to another

 Assembly Language Low
Level
Language
It is also called second generation language.

Assembly language uses letters and symbols instead of 0s and 1s

Mnemonics are used

Mnemonics are the Short sequence of letters. A for addition, D for Division….etc

Assembly language cant understand by a computer. So it should be translated into machine

language
 Assembly Language Low
Level
Language
Assembler:

Assembler is a Program used to translate assembly language into machine language.

Computer can understand only machine

Language
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE

HLL almost same as human language ( Same as English )

It is very easy to write program.

HLL is machine Independent language, so we can use this language in almost

all computers

For translating the HLL we are using Interpreter and Compiler

 INTERPRETER

Interpreter is a program that executes instructions written in a high-level

language or translate HLL to Machine language.

COMPLER

A compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming
language into another language.
 COMPILER/INTERPRETER

Compiler transforms code written in a high-level programming language into the machine
code, at once, before program runs.

whereas an Interpreter coverts each high-level program statement, one by one, into the
machine code, during program run

So Compiler is Faster
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES

There are three types of HLL

1. Procedural Language

2. Non-Procedural Language

3. Natural Language
 PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE

It is called 3rd generation language

Programmer writes
Some English words are used such as ADD, PRINT..etc instructions that tell the
computer what to
accomplish and how
Procedural Language is also called Source Program

A source program is a text file that contains

instructions written in a high level language

Source program must be translated into machine language using Compiler or interpreter.

Eg: BASIC, C, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL..etc

 Non-Procedural Language

It is a 4th generation language

Programmer only specify

This language uses English like statements what the program
should accomplish
without explaining
4GLs are very easy to use, without much programming skill also.

Also Source program, must translate

Eg: Visual Basic, Oracle, Java..etc

 NATURAL LANGUAGE

Natural Languages are called 5th Generation language

Very easy to use. It is a type of query language.

Natural languages are associated with expert systems and Artificial intelligence

Mainly used in medical field

 LANGUAGE PROCESSOR

Language processor is a software that convert source program into machine language,
because computer does not understand assembly language or high level language.

Compiler:

* Convert HLL into Machine Language

* It convert entire HLL program into Machine Language at once.

* After compilation it displays errors for the whole program together.

 INTERPRETER

It convert HLL to Machine Language

It convert program line by line

It display the errors one line at a time then go to the next

line
 High Level Languages

BASIC: Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

LOGO: Language of Graphics Oriented

COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language

FORTRAN: Formula Translation

JAVA: Is an Object Oriented Programming language(OOP)

C, C++, VB, PROLOG, HTML and JAVASCRIPT…etc Thank

You