Items subject for

copyright protection
 A copyright gives certain exclusive rights to
persons who create original works of
authorship, including literary, dramatic,

musical, artistic and

certain other intellectual works.
This protection is available to
both published and unpublished
works.
Copyrightable works include the following categories:

 Literary works
- A literary work can be defined as a
branch of literature dealing with words
as raw material to create a picture, an
idea or a story in a meaningful pattern.
Examples of literary works:
•fiction •dissertations
•nonfiction •theses
•manuscripts •reports
•poetry •speeches
•contributions to collective works •bound or looseleaf volumes

•secure tests •advertising copy

•pamphlets •single pages of text
•brochures •tracts
•textbooks •games
•online works •automated databases
•reference works •computer programs
•directories
•catalogs
 Musical works, including any accompanying words
- Musical works refers to written musical scores in the
form of sheet music, broadsheets or other notation.

Examples of musical works:

• Musical composition may be in the
form of a notated copy (for example,
sheet music)
• Phone record (for example, cassette
tape, LP, or CD).
 Dramatic works, including any accompanying music
- Any work that is intended to be performed dramatically

Examples of dramatic works:

• Plays
• Screenplays
• scripts
• choreographic notation
• choreographic shows
• scenarios for a film (but not the
film itself).
 Pantomimes and choreographic works
 Pantomime
- is the art of imitating or acting out
situations, characters, or other events.

 Choreographic works
- is the composition and
arrangement of dance movements and
patterns usually intended to be accompanied
by music. 
Examples of pantomimes works:
• actor knocking into the air
• pretending to be knocking on a
door.
Examples of choreographic works:

• dances
 Pictorial, graphic and sculptural works
- Refers to two-dimensional and three-dimensional art
works

Examples of pictorial works:

• Magazines
• Billboards
Examples of sculptural works:
• Roman and Renaissance sculptors
• Statue of Liberty
Examples of graphics works:
• Photographs • Maps
• Drawings • engineering drawings
• line art • other images.
• Graphs
• Diagrams
• Typography
• Numbers
• Symbols
• geometric designs
 Motion pictures and other audiovisual works
- are works that consist of a series of related images which are
intrinsically intended to be shown by the use of machines, or
devices such as projectors, viewers,
or electronic equipment, together
with accompanying sounds, if any,
regardless of the nature of the
material objects, such as films or tapes,
in which the works are embodied.
Examples of motion pictures and audiovisual works:

• Movie
• Animated GIF
• Films
• Television programs
• Slide-tape presentation 
 Sound recordings
process of converting the acoustic energy of
sound into some form in which it can be permanently
stored and reproduced at any time.

Examples of sound recordings:

• A person singing a song or playing a
musical instrument.
• A person reading a book or delivering a
lecture.
• A group of persons hosting a podcast
or performing a radio play.
 To be protected by copyright, the work must be more
than an idea. It must be fixed in a “tangible form of
expression.” This means the work must be written or
otherwise recorded. This is because a copyright does not
protect an idea or a plan: it protects the expression of
that idea or plan.

 In addition, copyrightable work must be original. It

must not be copied from someone else and must
contain a minimal level of creativity on the part of the
author..
 Facts, well-known phrases and lists of names or ingredients,
in and of themselves, are not copyrightable.

 However, if these items are organized or expressed in an

original manner, then a copyright would protect that
organization or expression, although not the the actual facts
or lists contained. In other words, copyright protection
extends only to an author’s original, creative contribution to
a work.
Thank you
and
God Bless!!