Essentials

of
Planning
 Topics
• Different concepts or types of
planning.
• Steps in Planning process.
• Creativity, innovation and
Brainstorming
 PLANNING
Selecting mission, objectives and activities to
achieve the objectives.
planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to
do , when to do it and who is to do it.
 What to do focus on task itself .
 How to do focus on way of doing.
 when to do mean time of doing.
 who is to do mean the person who
 PLANNING
Planning involves setting goals and deciding
how best to achieve them.
Planning is a process which needs a lot of time.

It requires decision making, choosing a future

course of action.
Setting organization goal and deciding in
advance how to achieve the goal. It requires
decision making
 Types of Plans
Plans can be classified as ……..
Mission or Purpose
Objectives or Goals
Strategies
Procedures
Rules
Programs
Budgets
 Mission or Purpose
The mission identifies the basic purpose or
function of an enterprise. Every organization
should have mission or purpose.

Mission or purpose of (business) generally is the

production and distribution of goods and services.
The mission of a university is teaching, research
and providing education services to community.
Goals and Objectives
They represent the end point of planning,
organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
Difference between Objectives and goals
Objective: Steps how to reach goal .
Completing each semeter is objectvies.
Goal:Represent the end point .
Getting BBA degree is goal.
 Strategy
Strategy is a course of action by which a
firm can achieve its targets(goals).

Strategy .
Example: Company wants to increase its sales
through (improving the quality) of its
products.
 PROCEDURES
Set of activites performed in a sequence.
They are chronological sequence of required
actions.

Example:
1: Getting admission for BBA at Kardan University
2: Hiring teachers at Kardan University
3: Participating in an interview.
 Rules
Rules are usually the simplest types of plans.
They are without any discretion.

Example:
NO SMOKING is the rules in the organization.
 Program
Programs are the combination of goals,
procedures, rules, resources to be allocated
etc. They are ordinarily supported by budgets.

Example:
Five year program of an organization to improve the

status and quality of its thousands supervisors

 Budget
A budget is a statement of expected results
expressed in numerical terms.
A budget may be expressed in financial
terms.
 Steps In Planning
1.Analyze opportunity: Management must
analyze the SWOT (strengths, weakness,
opportunity and threats), which are the
changing environmental factors of the
business.
 SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat. A
SWOT analysis guides you to identify your organization’s
strengths ,weaknesses,opportunities and threat.
 Strengths
Strengths.
• Have an excellent staff for handling sales with strong
knowledge of current products
• Strong customer relationships
• Strong internal communications system
• A strong geographical location with high traffic input
• Well-designed and successful marketing strategies
• Business reputation of being innovative
 Weaknesses
• weaknesses
• Need more sales people.
• Limited budget.
• Delivery-staff need training.
• Customer service staff need training.
• Location of the business
 Opportunities
• opportunities
• Products similar to yours in the market are
expensive or of poor quality
• Customers in the market are loyal
• Seasonal high demand of the product
 Threats
• A lot of competitors in the market with similar
products
• A new advertising campaign launched by
competitors
• A competitor opening new shop in a nearby
location
• A downturn in economy and less spending
budget of people
 Steps in Planning
2.Setting goals: This is the actual starting point
and also the first point of planning. Objectives
must be clear, specific and practical in nature
 Steps In Planning
3.Determination of Premises: Planning premises
refers to the anticipated environment.
• Planning premises could be external and internal.
• External premises include total factors in task
invironment and general environment.
• Internal factor includes policies the ability of the
organization to withstand the environment
pressure.
 Steps In Planning
4.Determination of Alternatives: The next step
of planning is a determination of alternatives.
 Steps In Planning
5. Evaluation of alternatives: After the
determination of alternatives, another step of
planning process is an evaluation of
alternatives which alternative will cost less
and benefits the organization
 Steps In Planning
6.Selecting a course of action: The next step of
planning is selecting a course of action.
 Steps In Planning
7.Implementation of plan: Next step of the
planning process is the implementation of
plan. This step brings all the procedure of plan
into an action.
 Creativity
Creativity:
usually refers to the ability and power to develop new
ideas or Cognitive process of developing new ideas,
concepts etc.
Innovation:
The use of new ideas in products or services.
Brainstorming:
The technique of encouraging group members to
generate as many ideas as they can on a given topic and
then selecting the best idea.
Thank you