Surface and Subsurface

Runoff Phenomenon
 RUNOFF

 Runoff can be described as the part of the water

cycle that flows over land surface water instead of
being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating.
According to the US. Geological Survey ( USGS).
Runoff is the part of precipitation, snow, melt or
irrigation water that appears in uncontrolled surface
streams, rivers, drains or sewers.
THE FOLLOWING INFLUENCES
RUNOFF

 BASIC SLOPE
 ROUGHNESS
 URBANIZATION
 SOIL PROPERTIES
 SOIL COMPOSITION
 AMOUNT OF RAINFALL
 PERMEABILITY
 VEGETATION

RUNOFF EFFETCS

 EROSION
 FLOOD
 POLLUTION
 SURFACE RUNOFF

 Surface runoff (also known as

overland flow) is the flow of water
that occurs when excess storm
water, melt water, or other sources
flows over the earths surface.

 This might occur because of soil is

saturated to full capacity, because
rain arrives more quickly than soil
can absorb it.
 SUBSURFACE RUNOFF

 Subsurface runoff is also known as “Interflow” is

relatively rapid flow toward the stream channel that
occurs below the surface. It occurs more rapidly than
base flow, but typically more slowly than surface
runoff.
INFILTRATION and PERCOLATION

INFILTRATION
Is the process by which
precipitation or water soaks
into subsurface soils and
moves into rocks through
cracks and pore spaces .
 Water can be absorbed by the soil and may stay in
the soil for a long time until it gradually gets
evaporated . If there is a lot of vegetative cover
(green plants) the infiltrated water can also be
absorbed by plant roots and later transpired.
 Infiltration occurs in the upper layers of the ground
nut may also continue further downwards into the
water table.
INFILTRATION:
-movement of
water into the soil.

PERCOLATION
-water movement
Through the soil.
THANK YOU! 