Passive Voice

A. Present Tense
• Ali writes a letter
• A letter is written by him
• Nova eats an apple
• An apple is eaten by her
B. Past Tense
• Ali wrote a letter
• A letter was written by him
• Nova ate an apple
• An apple was eaten by her
• Ali and Ahmad write two letters
• Two letters are written by them
• Nova and Suryani eat some apples
• Some apples are eaten by them

• Ali and Ahmad wrote two letters

• Two letters were written by them
• Nova and Suryani ate some apples
• Some apples were eaten by them
• My mother gives me some apples
• Pre-test was given before the treatment and post-test was
given after the treatment.
• Pre-test is given before the treatment and post-test is given
after the treatment
• The collected data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test
formula.
• The data of this research were collected by giving pretest and
• the alternative hypothesis of this research was accepted,
• It could also be concluded
1. All of the errors in these essays were identified
and classified into different categorizations.
2. On the basis of these results, a group of
recommendations to further research are
suggested and some pedagogical implications
which might assist ESL/EFL teachers with some
helpful suggestions and teaching strategies that
will reduce future problems regarding writing
English essays among Arab learners.
• It has been widely recognized that culture and
language is used as a main medium through
which culture is expressed.