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Design of Combined-Footings by IS-456
Design of Combined-Footings by IS-456
Combined Footings
1
Summary Sheet
Session Number : 8
Date : 14.05.2007-
Subject Expert :
Dr. M.C. Nataraja
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,
Mysore – 570 006.
Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742
E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com
2
Design and Detailing of
steel in Combined Footings
Learning Outcomes:
• After this students will be able design and detail
combined footings through drawing and bar bending
schedule. This is for Part B and is one full question
for about 70 marks.
3
Footings
The function of a footing or a foundation is to
transmit the load form the structure to the
underlying soil.
4
Combined footing
Whenever two or more columns in a straight line are carried on
a single spread footing, it is called a combined footing.
Isolated footings for each column are generally the
economical.
b +
a1 l a2
L/2 L/2
x R
Combined footing with
loads +
Property line
Types of combined
footings
6
Types of combined footing
1. Slab type
3. Strap type
7
• The combined footing may be rectangular,
trapezoidal or Tee-shaped in plan.
The geometric proportions and shape are so fixed that the
centeroid of the footing area coincides with the resultant of the
column loads. This results in uniform pressure below the entire
area of footing.
a l b pj
T
T T T
Longitudinal Bending Transverse Bending
d/2
a b
d c
d d
1 2 3 4 5 6
Section 1-1, 2-2, 5-5, and 6-6 are sections for critical moments
Section 3-3, 4-4 are sections for critical shear (one way)
Section for critical two way shear is abcd
a l b
1m
L/2 x L/2
R
TRANSVERSE BEAM
BELOW COLUMS
12
Design Steps
14
Detailing
15
Design of combined footing –
Slab and Beam type
16
Draw to a suitable scale the following
1. The longitudinal sectional elevation
2. Transverse section at the left face of the heavier
column
3. Plan of the footing
Marks 60
17
Solution: Data
fck = 25 Nlmm2,
fy= 250 N/mm2,
fb = l30 kN/m2 (SBC),
Column A = 350 mm x 350 mm,
Column B = 400 mm x 400 mm,
c/c spacing of columns = 4.6 m,
PA = 700 kN and PB = 1000 kN
Required: To design combined footing with central beam
joining the two columns.
Ultimate loads
PuA= 1.5 x 700 = 1050 kN, PuB = 1.5 x 1000 = 1500 kN
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Proportioning of base size
19
For uniform pressure distribution the C.G. of
the footing should coincide with the C.G. of
column loads. Let x be the distance of C.G.
from the centre line of column A
Then x = (PB x 4.6)/(PA + PB) = (1000 x 4.6)/(1000 +700)
= 2.7 m from column A.
If the cantilever projection of footing beyond column A is ‘a’
then, a + 2.7 = Lf /2 = 7.2/2, Therefore a = 0.9 m
x R
pu=177 kN/m2
wu=354 kN/m
Combined footing with loads
21
Rectangular Footing with Central Beam:-
Design of Bottom slab.
Total ultimate load from columns = Pu= 1.5(700 + 1000) = 2550 kN.
Upward intensity of soil pressure wu= P/Af= 2550/14.4 = 177 kN/m2
Design of slab
Intensity of Upward pressure = wu =177 kN/m2
Consider one meter width of the slab (b=1m)
Load per m run of slab at ultimate = 177 x 1 = 177 kN/m
Cantilever projection of the slab (For smaller column)
=1000 - 350/2 = 825 mm
Maximum ultimate moment = 177 x 0.8252/2 = 60.2 kN-m.
22
1m
Slab design-Contd., 0.35m
0.825 m
1m
pu=177 kN/m2
For M25 and Fe 250, Q u max = 3.71 N/mm2
Required effective depth = √ (60.2 x 106/(3.71 x 1000)) = 128 mm
Since the slab is in contact with the soil clear cover of 50 mm is
assumed.
Using 20 mm diameter bars
Required total depth = 128 + 20/2 + 50 =188 mm say 200 mm
Provided effective depth = d = 200-50-20/2 = 140 mm
23
To find steel
Mu=0.87 fy Ast[d-fyAst/(fckb)]
pt=1.7%
Ast = 2380 mm2
Transverse reinforcement 1m
Required Ast=0.15bD/100 pu=177 kN/m2
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0.9 m 1050 kN 4.6 m 1500 kN
1.7 m
A E B
C 354 kN/m D
ME=628 kN-m
X=0.206 m _
0.68m
.+ +
MA=143.37 kN-m
BMD at Ultimate MB=511.5 kN-m
V1=318.6 kN V3=898.2 kN
E +
+
- -
V4=601.8 kN
V2=731.4 kN
X1=2.97 SFD at Ultimate X2=4.23
m m
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Depth of beam from B.M.
The width of beam is kept equal to the maximum
width of the column i.e. 400 mm. Determine the
depth of the beam where T- beam action is not available.
The beam acts as a rectangular section in the cantilever
portion, where the maximum positive moment = 511.5 kN/m.
31
B=400 x 400 mm
D+db/2
B D+ds 2000
D
D+db
0.825m 0.8m
7200 mm 32
In this case b=D=400 mm, db=680 mm, ds=140 mm
Mu=0.87fyAst(d - fyAst/fckbf)
37
Curtailment:
Consider that 2 - Ф 32 mm are to be curtailed
No. of bars to be continued = 3 - Ф16 + 3 - Ф 32
giving area = Ast =3016 mm2
39
Design of shear reinforcement
Portion between column i.e. AB
In this case the crack due to diagonal tension will occur
at the point of contra flexure because the distance of
the point of contra flexure from the column is less than
the effective depth d(= 680mm)
40
Area of steel available 3 - Φ 16 + 3 - Φ 32 ,
Ast = 3016 mm2
pt = 100 x 3016 / (400 x 680) = 1.1%
τc=0.664MPa
τv > τc
τv > τ c 42
Design shear reinforcement is required.
Vumax = 601.8kN,
VuD=601.8-354(0.400/2 + 0.680) = 290.28kN.
45
350x350 400x400
Side face
3- Φ16 (5-Φ32 + 3- (3-Φ32 + 3- Φ16 3- Φ16 2- Φ12
Φ16)
3-Φ32
+
4-Φ16
46
400
400
5-φ32 3-φ16
3-φ16
750 750
4-φ16
200
3-φ32
2000 4-φ16
C/S at Centre C/S at the junction
(Right of B)
47
Φ20@130 Φ8@160
m
2
7200 mm
Plan of footing slab
48