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Basics of LTE
MADE BY :AHMED FATHALLAH
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Agenda :

1) What and why LTE

2) LTE Archicture and interfaces
3) Lte entities and their functions
4) ue and network identification
5) Lte attach
6) EPS bearer
7) Charging in LTE
8) Volte technology
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What and why ??
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Advantegs of LTE :

 Network operators :
1_ High Network throughput .
2_Low latency .
3_ Low operation cost .
4_Simplified upgrade path to 3G.

End user :
1_Faster data download &uploads

2-Improvied response for application

3-Improvied end user experience

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Lte architecture and interfaces:
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Functions of each entity :
EnodeB MME S_GW P_GW HSS PDN PCRF Ocs and
ofcs
4G site that Authenticat Eliminat Pdn gateway Data Public Policy Online
ue connect ion of ue effect on user .connect base of data charging charging
and radio ,tracks data while ue between lte ms network control and
interface to location of moves bet network and ,which that mS function entity offliine
ue ue , enodebs and PDN APN can that make charging
Select forwards data should connect policy that cdr
sutiable between be able it decision like on case
P_GW and enode and to access QOS and offline
S_GW for P_GW and qos charging rules
ue that
should
have
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Archicture for MME and interfaces :

MME : important node for

signaling not user plane
as interfaces with HSS
and SGSN,PGW and SGW
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User plane and control plane :
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Lte interfaces for user and control :

S1ap :si application protocol

S11 :using GTP_C exchange of signaling

Messages between nodes by creating
GTP tunnel

SGi: IP protocol to exchange packets with

PDN

GTP _u :used to user plane

GTP_c :used to control plane

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Core network :
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Ue and network identification :

IMSI S_TMSI MME ID S1_AP UE ID GUTI ECGI TRI

Used to Used for Ue must know SI application Globaily E_UTRAN tracking area
identify the ue paging and MME ID for protocol user unique Cell global identity
globaly service request routing NAS identity used temprory identifier
through and allocated ( Non-Access for control identity Consist of
mobile by MME Stratum) signaling the Allocated to Consist of = MCC(3)
network message for core part ue by MME =MCC(3)+ +MNC(2)
Consist of MME between MNC(2)+ +TAC(4)
Consist of = =MMEC(8)+ Enodeb and Consist of = Enb(6)+
MCC(3)+MN MTMSI(32) Consist of MME GUMMEI(42) CI(3)
C(2)+MSIN(1 =MME Group (network )+ LAST two
0) ID(16)+MME  M-TMSi(32) (ECI )
Code (8) (device)
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GUTI & S_TMSI Identification :

GUTI:
Assigned by MME for UE and allows
identification of MME to UE attaches
MMEI:
Identifiy to which Group and MME code

S_TMSI:
Like p_tmsi
Shorter variant of GUTI used to locally
MME group
Used for Paging
Protect IMSI
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Lte attach :

After LTE attach procedure :

1-MME assign the (GUTI )(Global

unique temprory identitiy )to ue and
ue use GUTI to identify itself to
network

2-EPS bearer should be created

between ue And PGW
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EPS Bearer:

Tunnel bet Ue And PGW that PGW

assign IP address for this bearer and QOS for

this bearer

But MME assign EPS Bearer ID

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Types of Bearers:

Default Bearer and dedicated by

the same IP
address
but different QOS

Network will create dedicated

EPS Bearer when Application
need special QOS
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LTE Attach procedure :

1-ue sends Attach request using previous

GUTI of last attach and APN ue want to
connect .
2-authentication and security.
3-MME send update location request to
HSS include MME ID for ue .
4-HSS reply by with subscription
information.
5-MME send create session request BY
APN to SGW and P_GW.
6-P_GW assign IP and QOS for EPS.
7-SGW make modify with MME to
complete exchange of EPS .
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Charging types :

Online can
affect real
time data
session but
offline not
affect
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Voice over LTE (VOLTE ):

QCI 1
Voice
QCI 2
Video
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Voice and videos senerios in lte :

 CSFB : VOLTE :
in this case user use LTE for Data but
In this case will use volte to make voice call or
video call
when need to make voice that happen in
When ue exist in bad coverage of lte will go to
case Inter RAT Handover (3G OR 2G) and 2G/3G using SRVCC

after finish will back again to LTE In this technology eMSC will interface with
MME through SV interface
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Rates of different generation :

Therotical :
based on limits of
technology assuming
you had
assuming perfect
coverage and no
congestion

Typical speed based on:

1-location
2-distance
3-congestion
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Impact on Download Times & Streaming:

Asssume size of:

1-webpage(2MB)
2-Basic mail (10KB)
3-High Q Photo (2MB)
4-Music Track (5MB)
5-Application (30MB)
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