REACTION TURBINE

In this type of turbine, there is a gradual

pressure drop and takes place continuously over
the fixed and moving blades.
MULTI-STAGE REACTION TURBINE (THREE STAGE)
 METHODS OF REDUCING WHEEL OR ROTOR SPEED

In Simple impulse turbine that if the steam is expanded from the boiler pressure
to condenser pressure in one stage the speed of the rotor becomes tremendously
high which crops up practical complications. There are several methods of
reducing this speed to lower value; all these methods utilize a multiple system of
rotor in series, keyed on a common shaft and the steam pressure of jet velocity is
absorbed in stages as the steam flows over the blades. This is known as
Compounding. The different methods of compounding are :
(1) Velocity compounding
(2) Pressure compounding
(3) Pressure velocity compounding
(4) Reaction turbine
COMPOUNDING (VELOCITY COMPOUNDING)
PRESSURE COMPOUNDING
PRESSURE VELOCITY COMPOUNDING
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMPULSE & REACTION
TURBINE
VELOCITY DIAGRAM FOR REACTION TURBINE
BLADE
DEGREE OF REACTION (Rd)
PARSON’S REACTION TURBINE
 VARIATION OF BLADE EFFICIENCY

FIG. 3.97
 THE ISENTROPIC EXPANSION OF STEAM IN THE
NOZZLE

FIG. 3.98
 ENERGY LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINES

The increase in heat energy required for doing mechanical work in actual
practice as compared to the theoretical value, in which the process of
expansion takes place strictly according to the adiabatic process, is
termed
as energy loss in a steam turbine.
Contd.
 GOVERNING AND CONTROL OF STEAM TURBINE

The objective of governing is to keep the turbine speed fairly constant irrespective
of load. The principal methods of steam turbine governing are as follow:
THROTTLE GOVERNING
NOZZLE GOVERNING
BY-PASS GOVERNING
SPECIAL FORMS OF TURBINES
BACK PRESSURE TURBINE
EXTRACTION PASS OUT TURBINE
EXHAUST OR LOW PRESSURE TURBINE
MIXED PRESSURE TURBINE