SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES

AND PROGRAMS
SWPP
1. Philippine Welfare Policies and Programs
2. Social and the Law
3. Social Work Administration
4. Social Work Supervision
5. Social Work Research
Definitions and functions
of
social welfare
 Assistance & service to the poor and the
disadvantaged
 Collective responsibility to meet universal

needs of the population

 Laws, programs, benefits and services for

meeting social needs

 Organized system of social services and

institutions, designed to aid individuals and

groups to attain satisfying standards of life
and health & personal & social relationships
that permit them to develop their full
capacities & to promote their well-being in
harmony with the needs of their families and
the community (Friedlander)
 Means for meeting human needs that serve
the common good (Johnson & Schwartz,
1997)
 The organized system of social services and
institutions designed to aid individuals and
groups to attain satisfying standards of life
and health. It aims at personal and social
relationships which permit individuals, the
fullest development of their capacities and
the promotion of their well-being in harmony
with the needs of the community (Wilensky,
Harold L. and Lebeaus, Charles N. Industrial
Society and Social Welfare, New York, 1958)
 Social welfare therefore includes all
forms of social interventions, laws,
programs and processes that have
for its purpose the following:
1. Promoting the well-being of both
the individual and of society as a
whole.
2. The treatment and prevention of
social problems
3. The development of human resources

4. improvement of the quality of life

5. The maintenance and improvement of

the social order for the promotion of
social stability of all people in society.
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE
1. RESIDUAL/AMELIORATIVE – social welfare
function to help those in immediate need of
assistance such as the victims of natural and
man-made disasters. In the Philippines, this
is important as there are about 20 typhoons
that affect the country every year. This is also
undertaken for the poor people in hospitals,
in need of financial assistance for medical
treatment. There is social service
department/unit in all government and in
some private hospitals in the Philippines
 2. REHABILITATIVE FUNCTION
It restore the social functioning of
people. They include services to people
who are victims of natural calamities in
need of help to go back to normal life.
This function is also vey much related to
the social services for the handicapped,
people with drug and alcohol problems,
victims of domestic violence, child
abuse, street children, among others.
 3. Preventive function
 It
avoids the ill-consequences of
deprivation and poverty. Day care services
are meant to help children develop and use
their capacities and avoid the
consequences of malnutrition and poor
environment. Services to out-of-school
youth prepare them for a normal adult life.
Family welfare intends to improve and
strengthen relationships for better social
functioning of family members.
 4. Developmental function
 Covers all the above-mentioned
functions to provide opportunity for
people to make full use of their
human and personal resources for the
liberation from poverty and
empowerment. Examples are
livelihood and entrepreneurial
activities, community organizing,
cooperative and family planning.
 5. Transformative function
 Changing
systems and structures of
government and society towards the
improvement of quality of life of the
people.
 Perspectives on
social welfare policy
and program
development
 RESIDUAL PERSPECTIVE
 Conceive as social welfare as focusing on
problems and gaps, with social welfare
benefits and services supplied only when
people fail to provide adequacy for
themselves and problem arise (Blau, 2004)
 Reactive, solving problems only after they

occur
 Respond to problems caused by individual

personal failures.
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
 Social welfare policies & program
should provide on-going support to all
people in need.
 Social welfare polices and programs

relieve tensions and help solve

problems distressing people in their
environment
 Conceived social welfare as the
responsibility of the government.
 Universal provision of
welfare
 Social
welfare benefits should be
equally available to all members of
society, regardless of their income of
means
 Selective provision
 Social
welfare benefits are restricted
to those who can demonstrate need
through established eligibility criteria
 Philosophical and
value perspectives on
social responsibility and
social welfare
which affect
policy formulation
 conservatism
 The philosophy that individuals are
responsible for themselves, that
government should provide minimal
interference in people’s lives and that
change is generally unnecessary
(Jansson, 2003)
 Principles of conservatism
 Itis each individual’s responsibility to
work and succeed
 Failure to succeed is generally the

individual’s fault.
 The government should not interfere

unless absolutely necessary.

 liberalism
 Is the philosophy that supports
government involvement in the social,
political and economic structure so
that all people’s rights and privileges
are protected in the name of social
justice (Jansson, 2003)
 liberalism
 It is society’s responsibility to care for
and support its members
 Failure to succeed generally is due to

complex, unfair stresses and problems

in the environment.
 It is government’s responsibility to

support its citizens and help them cope

with the stresses and problems in their
environment.
 radicalism
 The philosophy that the social and
political system as it stands is not
structurally capable of truly pursuing
social justice.
 Evolution of social welfare
in the Philippines
1. Pre-Colonial Period – concept of Bayanihan
and Damayan, Maragtas/Kalantia Code
2. Spanish Period – Salvation through good
works, hospitals, orphanages
3. American period – “parents partriae” –
government to take custody and provide
protection to all victims particularly
children who are physically and sexually
abused.”
4. 1940’s (Japanese Occupation)-
relief prisoners of war and displaced
persons
5.1950's – delivery of social
amelioration programs into the
countryside; established the Social
Welfare Administration
6. 1960's – SWA transformed to
Department of Social Welfare (RA 5416
in 1968)
7. 1970’s – development and
integration of more specific social
welfare programs: self-employment
assistance for livelihood opportunities;
practical skills development for
capacity building; day care services for
children; family planning for couples
and special social service for
emergency situations.
8. 1980’s – development of Social
Welfare Indicators that measured the
movement of a client from survival to
subsistence to self-reliance; revised to
Family Welfare Indicators; updated into
social welfare development indicator
system that measure the indicators of
survival, security and empowerment of
clients and communities being assisted
9. 1990’s – Social Reform Agenda;
started the Comprehensive and
Integrated Delivery of Social Services
(CIDS). Using the principle of
convergence , this flagship project has
enabled the growth of people and
communities by the mobilization and
delivery of vital government services
that converge at the level of the family
and the community.
10. 2000 – RA 7610, Local
Government Code transferred the
delivery of social welfare services from
the national to the local government
units; DSWD mandate changed from
direct service provider to policy
developer.
11. Present – transformed CIDS into
KALAHI-CIDS or the movement against
poverty. It is the government’s key
strategy for poverty alleviation whose
ultimate goal is social change and
empowerment through the delivery of
basic social services, vital
infrastructures, livelihood and financing
interventions.
KALAHI-CIDS is a community driven
development project where decision-
making resides in the community. The
people analyze their situation and
needs, prioritize problems, propose
solutions and develop projects which
they implement and manage.
 PHILIPPINE WELFARE
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
SITUATING POLICY PRACTICE
AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
1. Policy and program development is
considered as the macro-practice of SW
2. It is also considered as secondary form of
practice as compared to direct practice
3. The dual focus of social functioning and
the person-in-environment perspective
shows that the SW intervenes not only with
the person but the environment
4. The sustaining environment of the
person includes the general community,
media, political systems, economic
resources, the educational system, social
welfare institutions and the larger
community
5. Policy and Program Development is the
government’s ways of intervening in the
human condition and affecting social
welfare.
6. In promoting social justice, SW needs
need to work for social and economic
justice and needed reforms in ways that
recognize and consider these legitimate
differences of opinion as they maintain
respect for those who disagree with
their ideas as to how to attain social
justice
7. The SW’s role as a system developer,
as a program developer, policy and
procedure developer, and as an
advocate.
OVERVIEW OF POLICY PRACTICE
 SOCIAL POLICY- is a decision, made
by public or government authorities
regarding the assignment and
allocation of resources, rights, and
responsibilities and expressed in laws
and governmental regulations
 DEFINITIONs
A guide for a settled course of action
composed of collective decisions
directly concerned with promoting the
well-being of all part of the
population

 Rules that govern people’s lives and

dictate expectations for behavior
 Purposeful course of action followed
by an actor or set of actors in
dealing with problem of matter of
concern
 A rule of action manifesting or

clarifying specific organizational

goals, objectives, values or ideals
and often prescribing the obligatory
or most desirable ways and means
for this accomplishment
 Categories of
SOCIAL POLICY
 Policy demands
 These are demands or claims made
upon officials of government or
private agencies by other sectors,
private of official in the political
system for action on some perceived
problems
 POLICY DECISIONS
 aremade by officers of organizations that
authorize or give direction and content to
policy actions. Included are decisions to
enact statutes, issues, executive orders,
administrative order and board
resolutions.
 Inthe public sector, these include the
promulgations of administrative rule and
the judicial interpretation of the laws.
 Policy statements
 Areformal expression or articulation
of policy.

 These include legislative statutes,

board resolutions, executive orders
and decrees, administrative rules and
regulations and court opinions
 Policy output
 Are the tangible manifestation of
policies.
 Things actually done in pursuance of

policy decisions and statements

 These are what the organizations do as

distinguished from what they say

 The actual number of services delivered

and the number of people served are the

quantifiable measures of policy outputs.
 Policy outcomes
 Are the consequences for a client
system, intended or unintended that
result from action or inaction by an
agency
classifications
 1. Public policy
 Action usually undertaken by government
directed at a particular goal and legitimated
by the commitment of public resources
◦ Legislative policy: congress/sanggunian
◦ Executive policy: office of the president-
executive orders, proclamations, local
chief’s memoranda/directives
◦ Judicial policy: court decisions at all levels
 2. Administrative policy
 Policies within the context of a
particular problem/ program such as
administrative orders, guidelines or
directives
 3. Agency policy
 Policies governing the social agency
from which rules, procedures and
regulations are based. (e.g. target
clientele, programs and services,
methods of implementations and
evaluation
 Policy practice
 Are efforts to change policies in
legislative, agency and community
settings whether by establishing new
policies, improving existing ones or
defeating the policy initiatives of other
people
 Policy advocacy

A policy practice that aims to help

relatively powerless groups improve
their resources and opportunites
 Changing context
affecting social policy
and social work
 Ideas context
 Valueand ideas shape policies and the
delivery of social services
 Views toward the poor
 Experience and beliefs
 Demographic context
 Populations increase and migration

 Overseas employment and technology

 Organizational context
 Tensions between the national and
local government

 Conflicts
between government and
non-government
organizations/private sectors
 international CONTEXT
 Globalization (economic, social,
cultural)
 International peace and

security/terrorist
 Human rights and fundamental

freedom
 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT
POLICY FORMULATION
1. Development planning frameworks
2. Development Discourses
3. International Regimes
4. Commitment of States to
International Regimes
5. Commitment of States to the
International Human Instruments
 Basis for policy & program
development
A. Gaps in practice
B. Program & Policy Review: Program
Evaluation/Policy Analysis
C. Recommendations from Researchers
D. Advocacy of Civil Society
E. Recommendations of People’s Organizations
F. Results of Donor Missions
G. International Commitments and
International Tools
Development Planning frameworks

 Needs based
 Rights based
 Gender and Development
 Human rights based
 Sustainable Human Development
Difference between needs based &
rights based

 Needsbased view policy making as

means for the satisfaction of needs;

 Rightsbased view policy making as

not just for the satisfaction of needs
but the realization of rights
 What are discourses
DISCOURSE is a particular way of
thinking and arguing which involves the
act of naming, classifying and analyzing
and which excludes or marginalizes
other way of thinking.
 Development discourse
 State-engendered order discourse in
development, which put primacy on
the intervention of experts especially
those from the UN and embodied in
multilateral and bilateral aid agencies;
development theories being used:
Keynesian theory and Human
Development Theory in Social
Development.
 Development discourse
 The market-engendered spontaneous
order discourse being promoted by the
IMF and the World Bank also known as
neo-liberal discourse
 The discourse of a public sphere
promoted by the civil society and social
movements also known as alternative
development, gives primacy to
participation and empowerment
International regimes/ commitments
 Sets of implicit or explicit principles,
norms, rules and decision-making
procedures around which actors’
expectation converge in a given area of
international relations.
 General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade
 World Trade Organization
 Group of 7/8 (USA, Germany, France,

Italy, Japan, UK, Canada + Russia)

 International human rights
instruments
 On Women- UN Convention of the
Elimination of Discrimination Against
Women; Beijing Platfform of Action (Phil
Plan for Gender and Development) and
Framework Plan for Women)
 On Children- UN CRC Convention on the

Rights of the Children; Child 21

(Philippines)
 On Laborers & Workers – ILO conventions
 International bill of rights
 UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights
 UN Convention of Political & Civil

Rights
 UN Convention on Economic, Social

and Cultural Rights

 On Migrant Workers- UN Convention

on the Protection of the Rights of All

Migrant Workers and their Familes
 International bill of rights

 On Older Persons- Madrid Plan of

Action on Ageing; Vienna
International Plan on Ageing; Macao
Plan of Action on Ageing for Asia
Pacific; Philippine Plan of Action for
Older Persons.
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AS
INTERNATIONAL POLICY
 The MDGs are eight goals to be
achieved by 2015 that respond to the
world’s main development challenges.
The MDGs are drawn from the actions
and targets contained in the Millennium
Declaration that was adopted by 189
nations and signed by 147 heads of
state and governments during the UN
Millennium Summit in September 2000.
 Millennium development goals
EAPRICEG
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality & empower
women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other
Diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Global partnership for development
 Policy process
A. Agenda setting
B. Policy formulation
C. Policy legitimation
D. Policy implementation
E. Policy evaluation
 Stages of policy formulation
 Issue/problem identification
 Issue definition or problem
measurement through fact-gathering
and analysis
 Setting of policy goals
 The planning of a strategy to gain

support and acceptance of the goal by

the public and decision-makers.
 Stages of policy formulation
 The legitimization of the goals and
declaration of purpose through law
and statue
 Planning for program development

and implementation
 Evaluation
Policy analysis
 A. Stages of policy analysis process
PGFDIECA
1. Problem definition
2. Goal and objective setting
3. Framework/hypothesis
4. Determination of evaluation criteria
5. Identification of alternatives
6. Evaluation
7. Comparison of alternatives
8. Assessment of outcomes
 B. Elements of policy analysis
1. FORMULATION
a) what should be our goals?
b) Which option of option mix
promises fewest negative or
greatest benefits?
c) What is the problem
 B. Elements of policy analysis
1. IMPLEMENTATION
a) Is the policy politically viable?
Capable of working successfully
b) What variables are available to help
ensure the successful
implementation of the policy?
 B. Elements of policy analysis
1. EVALUATION
a) By what criteria can the policy be
judged fair? Judged good?
Social policy development
 Phases of the policy cycle
2PD2P
A. Problem Definition
B. Proposal Development
C. Decision Phase
D. Planning and Program Development
E. Program Evaluation
 a. Problem definition
1. What Shapes Policy Development?
a) Research –
b) Individuals
2. Policy Practice- involves analysis of
proposed ideas and those that have
been ratified. It is fundamentally the
mobilization of ideas at each stage
of the policy process & the guidance
of these ideas through the process.
 a. Problem definition
3. Policy Roles:
 Technician or analyst is often at arm’s length
from the policy process, researching and
writing policy documents and putting together
that data support policy options and positions.
 Pragmatist – looks after the process of policy
making, assuring that appropriate steps are
taken, feelings assuaged, and fences mended.
 Dramatist, activist – or advocate orchestrates
elements in the social system to serve particular
ends, sometimes using social action and
community development techniques.
 a. Problem definition
4. Policy Documents – central objects of
policy practice, the vehicles with which
policy practitioners work. It includes:
◦ Laws
◦ Regulations
◦ Policy statements
 a. Problem definition
5. Phases in Policy Development
a) Problem Definition
b) Proposal Development
c) Decision Phase
d) Planning & Program Design
e) Programming and Evaluation
 a. Problem definition
5. Phases in Policy Development:
a) Problem Definition: (Intellectual Skills)
 Needs assessment
 Delphi technique- a group
communication method where a panel of experts arrive at
a consensus over a series of questions and discussions. It
is used for estimating or forecasting.
 Trend extrapolation- the action of estimating or
concluding something
 Systems approach
 Ethical analysis
 a. Problem definition
INTELLECTUAL SKILLS INTERPERSONAL
SKILLS

Needs assessment Touching Base- to talk

to someone for a short time to find out how

they are or what they think about something

Delphi Technique Motivating

Trend Extrapolation Advocating
System Approach Consulting
Ethical Analysis
 b. Proposal development
INTELLECTUAL INTERPERSONAL
SKILLS SKILLS
Writing Cleaning
Simulation- imitation Enabling
or enactment,
Scenario brokering
construction
 c. Decision phase
INTELLECTUAL INTERPERSONAL
SKILLS SKILLS
Problem-solving Brokering
skills
Negotiating enabling
Group
management
Lobbying
 d. Planning & program dev’t.
 Planning & Program Design – once a policy
has been ratified (sign or give formal consent),
the next phase involves shaping a working
document that the workers in the
organization can use. It is the first part of
the implementation process.
 Charting and scheduling are important on
this stage
 d. Planning & program dev’t.

INTELLECTUAL SKILLS
GANTT chart- shows time relationships
between events of a prog. dev’t.
PERT (Prog. Eval & Review Technique) – a
tool in planning for the future. It
indicates where a project should be by
what time
 E. Program evaluation
Monitoring – involves program statistics and rates (how
many clients are served per month)

Assessment – involves using these data to make changes in

the system to improve and refurbish (renovate and
redecorate) it.

Evaluation is more fateful, frequently involving “go/no go”

decisions about programs and program components. It may
also involve post hoc inspections of intervention to ascertain
outcomes or results
 E. Program evaluation

INTELLECTUAL SKILLS
Decision Analysis
Idea Analysis
Decision Audit and Autopsy
Challenging
 Program development
 PROGRAM- is a component of the plan
which has to be dealt with in greater detail
 PROJECT – an activity or set of related
activities which use limited resources to
produce goods and services to achieve an
objective. A project has a very clear time
frame.
 Program development
 PROJECT – is a specific, complex and
time bound set of tasks or activities
performed by a team of specialists, of
functionalists, to achieve a given
objective according to a defined
budget and timetable
 What is social technology
 It refers to innovative models,
approaches, strategies and
interventions in social welfare and
development, designed to respond to
the needs of the poor, disadvantaged
and vulnerable members of society.
 Social technology dev’t.
 Itis a process whereby the partners
and stakeholders and actively
engaged/involved in the whole phases
of developing and implementing
innovative SWD project models,
strategies and interventions for
implementation of SWDAs
 Social technology dev’t
A. Policy Planning & Analysis- Social Tech
ID
B. Program Design – Design Formulation
C. Program Planning – Manual Preparation
D. Pilot Testing – Pilot Implementation
E. Final Program Review – Marketing &
Promition
F. Institutional/Replication – Social
Technology Replication
Social welfare policy
 definitions
A subset of social policy
 Societal responses to specific needs

and problems such as poverty, etc

 A specific area of the social work

curriculum – a practice area: policy

advocacy
 Laws and regulations that govern which

social welfare exists, what categories of

clients served, and who qualifies for a
given program including its standards
 Social welfare programs are expressions
of social welfare policy which must reflect
and intent to empower the individual
 As a process, it consists of consequential

steps in problem-solving
 As a product, social welfare policy are

laws, judicial decisions and administrative

directives
 Social policies that focus primarily on the

distribution of benefits to those in need

 Lowy – explains that public social policies are
derived from four dichotomous approaches to
the legislative process:

1. Generic vs. categorical approach – generic

approach to social policy development seeks
a particular outcome for an entire population
such as health care or housing for all in
society. By contrast, a categorical approach
focuses on only one segment of the
population such as housing for the elderly or
health care for children
2. A holistic vs. segmented approach
 A holistic approach to policy development
attempts to address the needs or concern of
the total person or the whole family, while a
segmented approach focuses on only a single
factor, such as an individual’s income or
nutrition. It gives rise to a fragmented and
confusing service system in which client must
approach several different agencies in order
to secure the services or result they need in a
system that completely falls to address some
important needs.
3. RATIONAL VS. CRISIS APPROACH
 The rational approach places a heavy
emphasis on deriving social policy from a
careful and thorough study of a problem
and issues. By contrast, the crisis
approach creates policy as a hurried and
usually highly political reaction to a crisis
or serious problem. Very few of our
country’s social policies have grown out
of the rational planning process
 4. FUTURE PLANNING VS. POLITICAL
CONTEXT APPROACH
 The future planning approach gives careful
consideration to social trends and probable
future developments and tries to anticipate how
the various policy options would fit with what
can be expected in the future. By contrast, the
political context approach is mostly concern
with solving an immediate problem and allows
the policy to be determined mostly by popular
opinion, political interests and pragmatic
assumptions about what will be supported and
tolerated by dominant forces in society.
 Multiple Levels of social
welfare policy
 Macro Level Policy - Broad laws,
regulations, guidelines that provide basic
framework for the provision of services and
benefits
 Mezzo Level Policy – Administrative policy
that organizations generate to direct and
regularize operations
 Micro Level Policy – translate macro and
mezzo level policies into actual service to
clients;
Objectives of
social welfare
policy
 1. Reduce poverty
NATURE OF POVERTY:
 Problem of deprivation
 Individual shortcoming
 Lack of access to government services
 Brought by development process
 Unequal distribution of wealth of

society
 2. Maximize welfare
 Welfare is a human right. Every person
regardless of one’s stature is entitled
to receive welfare services. It implies
that every institution of society has
the responsibility to address the
welfare needs of its constituents.
 Pursue equality
It means that no person shall be
deprived of welfare services
approaches
 1. Safety net approach
This holds that individuals, families and
local communities are the primary source
of social care. State provisions should be
kept to the minimum, complimentary to
what informal networks in the community
provide, lest undermine both their
capacity and their moral resolution to
care for their own.
Public welfare interventions should only
be used as a last recourse.
 2. Community approach
This assumes that lay people (not
trained or qualified) have more
potential, ability and commitment to
care for each other than is assumed by
the welfare state approach. Power and
decision-making in social services
ought to be devolved as far as possible
to local communities
 3. Welfare state approach
 The State has the obligation to provide
comprehensive services to respond to the
problems of poverty, old age and disability
whatever their cause in two ways:
1. Main provider of resources firmly channeled
in the direction of public services with
voluntary organizations & informal
community networks left little part to play
2. Partnership between the state, voluntary
organizations & community networks in
providing resources and public services
Levels of analysis
and values of social
welfare policy
 1. Generic level
a. Equality – SWf is influenced by the value of
equality with regard to the outcome of benefit
allocations. Specifically the value prescribes that
benefits be allocated to equalize distribution of
resources and opportunities.
b. Equity – denotes sense of fair treatment. If one
does half the work he deserves half of the work.
To identify what groups deserve the benefits,
contributions to the society is considered.
Exeptions are made for those whose inability to
contribute is not of their own making.
3. Adequacy – refers to the desirability of
providing a decent standard of physical
and spiritual well-being, quite apart from
concerns for whatever benefit allocations
are equal to differential according to merit.

The fact of being enough or satisfactory

for a particular purpose. The
reasonableness.
 2. Specialized level
(DWIP)
FOUR VALUE PREFERENCES:
1. PRIVACY – confidentiality required in client-
worker relationship
2. DIGNITY – manner the individual person is
treated
3. WORK – involvement & participation of clients
in the process
4. INDEPENDENCE – the autonomy & self-reliance
being fostered as a result of the whole process
of policy formulation and development
 The dswd
VISION
 We envision a society where the poor,

vulnerable and disadvantaged are

empowered for an improved quality of
life. Towards this end, DSWD will be
the world’s standard for the delivery of
coordinated social services and social
protection for poverty reduction by
2030.
 The dswd
MISSION
 To develop, implement and coordinate

social protection and poverty

reduction solutions for and with the
poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged.
 The dswd
VALUES
◦ Respect for Human Dignity
◦ Integrity
◦ Service Excellence
 Dswd functions
 Formulates policies and plans which
provide direction to intermediaries and
other implementers in the development
and delivery of social welfare and
development services.
 Develops and enriches existing programs

and services for specific groups, such as

children and youth, women, family and
communities, solo parents, older persons
and Persons with Disabilities (PWDs);
 Dswd functions
 Registers, licenses and accredits
individuals, agencies and organizations
engaged in social welfare and
development services, sets standards
and monitors the empowerment and
compliance to these standards.

 Provides technical assistance and

capability building to intermediaries;
and
 Dswd functions
 Provides social protection of the
poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged
sector, DSWD also gives augmentation
funds to local government units so
these could deliver SWD services to
depressed municipalities and
barangays and provide protective
services to individuals, families and
communities in crisis situation.
 TARGET CLIENTELE
 Children in Especially Difficult and/or with
Special Needs
 Youth with Special Needs/OSY
 Women in Especially Difficult Circumstances
 Persons with Disabilities/With Special Needs
 Families (disadvantaged, dysfunctional,
marginalized, displaced, homeless, victims
of disasters)
 Communities (low income, poorest,
marginalized)
 Social protection
 Constitutes policies and program that
seek to reduce poverty and
vulnerability to risks and enhance the
social status and rights of the
marginalized by promoting and
protecting livelihood and employment,
protecting against hazards and
sudden lost of income and improving
people’s capacity to manage risks.
 Dswd protective services
1. Social Pension for Indigent Senior
Citizens
2. Assistance to Inds. In Crisis Situation
(AICS)
3. Supplementary Feeding Program
4. Child Protective Services
5. Child Care & Placement Services
6. Travel Clearance for Minors
7. Services for WEDC
8. Disaster Risk Reduction & Response
Operations
 Dswd programs
 Center Based
 Community Based
 Residential Care
 Social Welfare and Development
Technology
 CENTER BASED
Services rendered in facilities referred to
as “centers” on a daily basis or during
part of the day. Clients of these facilities
have families to return to after treatment
or after undergoing developmental
activities. These facilities may also
accommodate clients who need to
undergo thorough assessment and
diagnosis for a maximum of three
weeks.
 community BASED
Preventive, rehabilitative and
developmental programs and initiatives
that mobilize/utilize the family and
community to respond to a problem,
need, issue or concern of children,
youth, women, person with disabilities,
older persons and families who are in
need and at-risk.
 RESIDENTIAL CASE
 Centers and facilities that provide 24-
hour alternative family care to poor
vulnerable and disadvantaged
individuals and families in crisis
whose need cannot be met by their
families and relatives or by any other
form of alternative family care for a
period of time.
SOCIAL WELFARE TECHNOLOGY
 The DSWD continues to implement
pilot projects which will be marketed
to local government units that need
the projects.
Polices/programs and
services addressing poverty
in the philippines
National household
targeting systems for
poverty reduction (nhts-pr)
 What is nhts-pr?
 An information management system that
identifies who and where the poor are and
the implementation was spearheaded by the
DSWD
 Its aim is to establish a socio-economic
database of households that will be used in
identifying the beneficiaries of national
social protection programs. It also seeks to
reduce the problems of leakage or inclusion
of non-poor and lessen exclusion or under
coverage of the poor in social protection
programs.
 Proxy means test
A statistical model that predicts income
of the households based on proxy
variables in the HAF – Household
Assessment Form which Is compared to
the poverty thresholds at the provincial
level to determine the poor and non-
poor households
On Demand Application (ODA) -provides an
opportunity to households who were not
assessed during the regular enumeration to
apply for an assessment
VALIDATION- assesses and authenticates
the preliminary list of poor & non-poor
households. A Local Verification Committee
is created to review or act on all complaints
raised during the validation period
Both processes are aimed at ensuring the
integrity of the data base, wherein all the
qualified poor households are captured by
the system
The Sustaining Interventions in
Poverty Alleviation and
Governance (SIPAG)
Sustaining Interventions in Poverty Alleviation and
Governance (SIPAG) is the banner project of the
DSWD in the Social Protection Support Initiative
(SPSI) as part of the Commission on Information
and Communication Technology’s CICT- assisted
Priority E-Government Projects
 DSWD prepared this SIPAG project with the

support of the Electronic Government for

Efficiency and Effectiveness (E3) Project of the
Canadian International Development Agency
(CIDA) in consonance with the DSWD’s mandate
to provide support and technical assistance to
intermediaries (LGU) in the implementation of
social welfare & development services.
Through SIPAG, the DSWD intends to
demonstrate an improved delivery of
programs and services through
convergence of partner agencies guided
by the enhanced Social Case Management
System (SCMS) and Utilizing Social Welfare
Indicators (SWI). Partners agencies are the
LGUs, DOH, Phil Health Insurance
Company (PHIC/PhilHealth) and the
Technical and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA)
The SIPAG project will contribute to the
attainment of DSWD’s Reform Agenda 2 which is
to provide a faster and better social protection
programs and Reform Agenda 4 which is to
improve its delivery systems and capacities,
including its management information system.
Social Case Management is part of Social Work
practice which was installed nationwide by the
DSWD in 1981. It is both a skill in sw intervention
and an approach to service delivery using the
helping process. It facilitates the delivery of
quality services through a referral network
resulting to convergence with partner agencies &
other community resources.
What is
convergence?
It is the act of directing complementary and/or
synergetic interventions/programs to specified
targets such as poor individuals, families,
households, and/or communities.
It involves pooling of expertise and resources and
systematically channeling of efforts in pursuit of
a commonly agreed goal or objectives
PRINCIPLES: Synchronization, complementation
and coordination of all government interventions
and the private sectors in one geographical area
to ensure that reforms in terms of poverty
alleviation and social protection are achieved
 Rationale for convergence
As a response to the MDG’s call to halve the
poverty incidence by 2015, the DSWD as the
leader in the social welfare & development
sector, implements three major social protection
programs – the 4Ps, the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa
Kahirapan-Comprehensive & Integrated Delivery
of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) projects, the
Sustainable Livelihood Programs which are all
aimed at targeting the poor households and the
poor municipalities in the country
 Key pillars
a. Common resolve (unity of goals &
objectives)
b. Common understanding ( what and
how)
c. Common commitment (institutional
support)
 Objectives
1. Maximize resources allocated for the
implementation of the department’s
social protection programs
2. Reduce duplication of efforts,
strategies and activities at all levels
3. Harmonize and synchronize the
processes involved in the
implementation of the core social
protection programs;
4. Unify mechanisms for feedback,
reporting, monitoring and
documentation
5. Enhance partnership with the NGOs,
Pos and CSOs; and
6. Enhance knowledge, skills and
attitude towards collaborative action
among stakeholders.
 principles
1. Unity in goals and confluence of
action
2. Focused targeting
3. Empowerment
4. Complementation
5. Operational efficiency
6. Human rights based appraoch
 elements
1. Unified targeting system through NHTS-PR
2. Synchronized implementation of social
preparation and mobilization activities
3. Harmonized engagement of the LGUs
a) integration of M/CLGU commitments to
support Pantawid Pamilya
implementation into KALAHI-CIDSS MOA
in KALAHI-CIDSS areas that are targetted
for 4Ps
 b. performance of LGU partners of
Pantawid Pamilya commitments as
criteria for inclusion in the KALAHI-
CIDSS scale-up project and

c. inclusion of support for

Sustainable Livelihood and Pantawid
Pamilya as an agenda in KALAHI-CIDSS
provincial engagements
4. Coordinated capability building
5. Harmonized monitoring and
reporting
6. Integrated Social Case Management
7. Enhanced partnership with the CSOs
8. Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
9. People’s Participation
The dswd core social
protection programs
 1. Pantawid pamilyang pilipino
program (pantawid pamilya)
It is a poverty reduction strategy that provides
conditional cash grants to poor households
with children 0-14 years old and with pregnant
and lactating mothers, to build human capital
through investments in health and education.
It provides health and education cash grants
upon compliance of the beneficiaries with
certain conditionalities.
 PURPOSE:
TO ATTAIN 5 OF THE 8 mdg:
1. Eradication of extreme poverty and
hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 Break the intergenerational cycle of
poverty through investment in human
capital i.e, education and nutrition
(long term)- “To help keep 4.2 million
children healthy and in school”
 Criteria in the selection of HH
(NHTSPR)
 Residents of the poorest municipalities
based on 2003 Small Area Estimates
(SAE) of NSCB
 Households whose economic condition

is equal to or below the provincial

poverty threshold
 Households that have children 0-14

years old and/or have a pregnant

woman at the time of assessment
 Criteria in the selection of HH
(NHTSPR)
 Households that agree to meet
condition specified in the program .
Poorest households are selected
through a Proxy Means Test (PMT)
which determines the socio-economic
category of families.
 Goals of pantawid pamilya
1. To improve preventive health care among
pregnant women and young children
2. To increase the enrollment and attendance rate
of children in school
3. To reduce incidence of child labor
4. To raise the average household consumption in
food expenditure of poor households; and
5. To encourage parents to invest in their
children’s and their own human capital through
investments in their health and nutrition,
education & participation in community
activities
 Program package
1. P6,000 a year or P500 per month per
household for health and nutrition expenses;
2. P3,000 for one school year or 10 months or
P300 per month per child for educational
expenses. A maximum of 3 children per
household is allowed for this grant.
* A household with 3 qualified children receives
a maximum cash grant of P1,400 per month
during the school year or P15,000 annually as
long as they comply with the conditionalities.
 Modes of payment
 Land Bank ATM (cash card)
 Land Bank Over-the-Counter (off-Site)
 Globe G-Cash Remit
 Rural Banks and other banks/financial

facilities that are still being explored

Conditionalities (co-responsibilities of HH
beneficiaries)
 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
◦ Pregnant HH member:
 Visit their local health center to
avail of pre-and post natal care
 Avail of appropriate delivery
services by a skilled health
professional
 Avail at least one post-natal care
within 6 weeks after childbirth
 Children 0-5 years old
 Visit the health center to avail
immunization
 Have monthly weight monitoring and

nutrition counseling for children aged

0-2 years old
 Have quarterly weight monitoring for

25 to 73 weeks old
 Have management of childhood
diseases for sick children
 Children 6-14 years old
 Must receive deworming pills twice a
year
 EDUCATION
 CHILDREN 3-5 YEARS OLD
◦ Enrolled in day care or pre-school
program and maintain a class
attendance rate at least 85 % per
month
 CHILDREN 6-14 YEARS OLD

◦ Enrolled in elementary and secondary

school and maintain a class
attendance rate of at least 85% per
month
 Family development session
 PARENTS OR GUARDIANS
◦ Attend family development sessions
at least once a month
◦ Ensure attendance in Responsible
Parenthood Sessions and Family
Counseling Sessions
◦ Participate in community activities,
promote and strengthen the
implementation of Pantawid Pamilya
 Program cycle of
pantawid pamilyang
pilipino program
 5
4 Family Registry
3 Preparation (Final
Community
Selection of HH list of enrolled 4Ps
Assembly
(Enumeration, PMT, beneficiaries with
(Reg & Validation
Eligibility Check) LBP enrollment
of HH)

2
Supply-Side 6
Assessment 1st Release
(Availability of
Health & Education
facilities & service
providers) 7
8 Verification of
2nd and Succeeding Compliance
1
Releases with
Selection of
Provinces/Municipa Conditions
lities (SAE)
Community Assembles
Updates/Grievance and
Complaints
 Modified conditional cash
transfer program for families
in need of special protection
(description & objectives)
 description
 The MCCT for FNSP hopes to strengthen the
coverage by targeting the families in need of
special protection to provide and strengthen the
safety, protection and development of children in
difficult circumstances. It is a modified approach
designed to maximize the reach of the Conditional
Cash Transfer Program for the purpose of helping
families and children in difficult circumstances
overcome their situation and mainstream their into
the regular CCT while generating appropriate
resources & service in the community
 objectives
 To bring back children from the streets
to more suitable, decent and
permanent homes and reunite with
their families
 To bring children to schools and

facilitate their regular attendance

including access to Alternative Delivery
Mode and other special learning
modes
 objectives
 Facilitate availment of health and nutrition
through regular visits to the health center
 to enhance parenting roles through
attendance to Family Development
Sessions
 To mainstream Families with Special
Children in Need of Special Protection for
normal psycho-social functioning through
Pantawid Program
 Target beneficiaries
 Street families and homeless in Pockets
of Poverty not covered by the regular CCT
 IP Migrant families
 Families with Children with Disabilities
 Families of Child Laborers
 Displaced families due to manmade and

natural disasters and other environmental

factors
 Other Families in Need of Special
Protection
 Target areas
 Highly Urbanized Cities (Cebu, Davao
City, Angeles City, Olongapo City, Iloilo,
Bacolod, Zamboanga, Cagayan De Oro
and Baguio City) and other cities and
municipalities with such cases of families
 Pantawid Pamilya areas with mining
industry, big plantations and factories
and similar situations
 Cities in NCR to include Manila, Quezon

City, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Muntinlupa,

Paranaque, Caloocan)
2. KALAHI-CIDSS
AIM: reduce poverty by:
empowering the poor to participate
meaningfully in development
Making development initiatives
responsive to the needs of citizens by
making local governance processes
and systems more participatory,
transparent and accountable
 Itadopted the Community-Driven
Development (CDD) as a primary
development approach & strategy. It
targets the poor municipalities in the
identified poorest provinces based
on the NSCB report. These
municipalities constitute the poorest
25% of all municipalities of the 42
poorest provinces.
Program activities are implemented
through:
1. Mobilization of community structures &
LGU support
2. Provision of capability building & skills
training for communities & LGUs on
self-awareness & development values,
participatory needs prioritization &
program planning & implementation
3. Provision of technical assistance &
resources grants for community
priorities
3. Sustainable livelihood program:
A community based program which
provides capacity building to improve
the program participants’ socio-
economic status through:
support to microenterprises to
become organizationally and
economically viable
Links participants to employment
opportunities