МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ГРОДНЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ ЯНКИ КУПАЛЫ»

 
 

УСР - презентация
по учебной дисциплине
«Иностранный язык»
Тема: «Языки программирования»
 
 

Выполнили: студенты 1 курса

специальности «Электронный маркетинг»
факультета экономики и управления
Шкурук Дарья, Лелюкевич Каролина, Якимович Илья, Лешко Карина, Мельникова Ольга, Чернушевич Божена
Проверила: Лясота О.П.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 What is a programming language?

A programming language is a formal language, which comprises

a set of instructions used to produce various kinds of output.
Programming languages are used in computer programming to
create programs that implement specific algorithms.
 Elements
All programming languages have some primitive building blocks for the description of data and the processes
or transformations applied to them (like the addition of two numbers or the selection of an item from a
collection). These primitives are defined by syntactic and semantic rules which describe their structure and
meaning respectively.
 Types of programming

• Imperative programming
• Object-Oriented Programming
• Logic/Declarative Programming
• Functional/Applicative Programming
 Imperative programming
In computer science, imperative programming is a programming paradigm that uses statements that
change a program's state. In much the same way that the imperative mood in natural
languages expresses commands, an imperative program consists of commands for the computer to
perform. Imperative programming focuses on describing how a program operates.
The term is often used in contrast to declarative programming, which focuses on what the program
should accomplish without specifying how the program should achieve the result.
 Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the
form of procedures, often known as methods.
Significant object-oriented languages include Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, 
Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Common Lisp, and Smalltalk.
 LOGIC/DECLARATIVE PROGRAMMING
In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm — a style of building
the structure and elements of computer programs—that expresses the logic of
a computation without describing its control flow.
Common declarative languages include those of database query languages (e.g., SQL, XQuery
), regular expressions, logic programming, functional programming, and configuration
management systems.
 Functional/applicative programming

In the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is

designed to support the development of programs as giving the result of a function of the combined
variables.
Lisp and ML are applicative programming languages. In Haskell, this programming paradigm is
developed into the applicative functor, which extends the higher-order functional abstraction
beyond monad.
TOP PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 Levels of programming languages

High-level programming language Low-level programming language

- is a programming language with - is a programming language that provides little or
strong abstraction from the details of no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture
the computer. — commands or functions in the language map closely to
processor instructions. 
 Difference between a high and low-level
programming language
Low level languages work more closely with hardware and do not require a compiler to be
executed. High level languages are more understandable for the programmer in terms of the words
in the code. 
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES
C
C++
JAVA
HTML
XML
 C
– Developed by Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s.
– Provides control and efficiency of assembly language while having third generation language
features.
– Often used for system programs.
– UNIX is written in C.
 С++
– It is C language with additional features.
– Widely used for developing system and application software.
– Graphical user interfaces can be developed easily with visual programming
tools.
 JAVA
– An object-oriented language similar to C++ that eliminates lots of C++’s problematic features
– Allows a web page developer to create programs for applications.
– Objective of JAVA developers is that it be machine, platform and operating system independent.
 XML 
– Extensible Markup Language.
– A language for defining other languages.
 HTML
– HyperText Markup Language.
– Used on the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).
– Web page developer puts brief codes called tags in the page to indicate how the page should be
formatted.
 Every one need a language to tell an information which is hidden,
in such a way programming is a language which is used used for
knowing the hidden information of computer related programming.
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!