ENDANGERED

ECOSYSTEM
 ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

Effects of unplanned Greenhouse effect Proper management of

development and and thinning of the development activities
mismanagement of ozone layer and the ecosystem
the ecosystem
• Implementation of laws
• Soil erosion • Cause and effect • Use of technology
• Flash flood • Impact on ecosystem • Education on the
• Landslide management of resources
• Eutrophication • Preservation and
• Global warming conservation of soil, water,
• Ozone depletion forests and mangrove
• Climate change swamps
• Extinction of living things • Practice of biological
• Deforestation control
• Pollution • Use of renewable energy
Effects of • Efficient use of energy
Sources of pollution
pollution
Types of pollution • Human health
• Air • Habitat of animals and plants
• Water • Buildings
• Thermal • Agriculture
• Noise • climate
 Effects of Unplanned Development and
Mismanagement of the Ecosystem

Species extinction

Soil erosion landslides Climatic changes

Flash floods Deforestation Green house effect

Acid rain Eutrophication Ozone depletion

Air Water
Pollution
Sound Thermal
 Deforestation
The act of clearing of the
forest by cutting down trees
for its valuable timber, and
for building of roads, houses,
industrial estate and so on.
Soil Erosion / Landslide
SOIL EROSION
 Water Pollution
The sources of water pollution:
• Effluent from industrial and domestic
sources.
• Agricultural waste.
• Discharge of untreated sewage.
• Leaching of heavy metals from
underground lead pipes.
• Oil spills in the sea.
 Water
Pollution
 Eutrophication
Enrichment of an aquatic system
with organic material or inorganic
nutrients, causing an excessive
growth of aquatic plant life
 Eutrophication
Leaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off
animal waste

Increase in mineral nutrients into bodies of water

Algae bloom (rapid growth of algae)

Restricts the penetration of light into the water

Death of other aquatic photosynthetic plants and algae

Decomposition by bacteria (rapid growth of bacteria)

Bacteria use up oxygen

BOD level increase

Aquatic organisms die

 B.O.D.
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

• Refers to amount of oxygen consumed by

aquatic organisms per litre of water.
• ↑ B.O.D. ↑ water pollution
 Air Pollution
Pollutants Sources Effects
Combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
Incomplete
Carbon monoxide which reduce the capacity of the blood to transport
combustion of
(CO) oxygen, causes dizzines and headache, slow down the
fossil fuels
brain.

Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air passages

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Factories
and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause skin diseases.

Factories Damages tissues of lung (bronchitis), irritate the eyes,

Oxides of nitrogen
lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.

Dust , dirt, smoke, Factories, Irritates the eyes, cause conjunctivitis, asthma and
soot and haze exhaust bronchitis

Disrupt the ability of body to produce new cells, cause

Lead Car exhaust
retardation of brain in children.

combustion of
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Causes emphysema
fossil fuels
 A system adopted by Malaysia
API Government to indicate the level
of air pollution based on its
health impact

API
Descriptor
(Air Pollution Index)
0 – 50 Good
51 – 100 Moderate
101 – 200 Unhealthy
201 – 300 Very unhealthy
> 300 Hazardous
Air Pollution
 ACID rain
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Caused by:
• Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2)

• Combine with water vapour in the

atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and
nitric acid respectively.
• They fall back on earth as acid rain.
 Noise Pollution

• When the noise of the surroundings

become excessive and disturbs the
comfort of living.
• Sources:
 aeroplane, trains, construction works
wheels and factory machines,
vehicles along the roads.
 Noise
intensity of
daily human
activities
• Carbon dioxide (60%)
• Methane (15 - 30%)
• Nitrous oxide (15%)
• CFC (12%)
Global temperature increase parallels the increase
in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
 The Thinning of The Ozone Layer
• mainly due to the increasing levels of chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC) in the atmosphere
CFC uses as coolants in air conditionals and
refrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans
and as foaming agents in making Styrofoam
packaging
OZONE DEPLETION
Effects of Ozone Depletion
Proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

• Implementation of laws
• Use of technology
• Education on the management of resources
• Preservation and conservation of soil, water,
forests and mangrove swamps.
• Practice of biological control
• Use of renewable energy
• Efficient use of energy