MENTAL HEALTH

MENTAL ILLNESS
MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health is a state of emotional,
psychological and social wellness
evidence by:
- Positive self concept
- Effective coping and behavior
- Emotional stability

- Satisfying interpersonal relationship

CRITERIA OF POSITIVE MENTAL
HEALTH
P – Positive attitude toward self
 R – Reality perception
 A – Autonomous behavior
 I – Integrative capacity
 S – Self-actualization and personal

growth
 E – Environmental mastery
MENTAL DISORDERS
 Health conditions marked by alterations in
thinking, mood or behavior that causes
distress and/or impair individual’s major
functioning:
a. Occupational functioning
b. Social functioning
c. Emotional and psychological functioning
d. Spiritual functioning
MENTAL ILLNESS
Mental Illness is a clinically
significant behavioral or
psychological syndrome
experienced by a person and
marked by distress, disability, or
the risk of suffering, disability or
loss of freedom
CRITERIA OF MENTAL ILLNESS
L – Lack of personal growth
I – Ineffective coping with one’s life events
– Ineffective or non-satisfying relationship
– Inability to meet own needs
D – Dissatisfaction with one’s
characteristics, abilities, and
accomplishments
– Dissatisfaction with one’s place in the
world
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MENTAL
HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS
 GENETIC FACTOR
 Children with mentally ill parents are more
apt to develop mental illness
 2 Parents - 15 – 30%
 1 Parent - 10 – 15%
 Relative - 7%
 Identical twin - 50 – 85%
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MENTAL
HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS
 NURTURING DURING CHILDHOOD
 (+ nurturing)- mental health
 received love, affection and attention,
 well taken cared by mother or significant
others
 needs were provided satisfactorily and
consistently
 (- nurturing) - mental illness
 Maternal deprivation - parental rejection
 Family discord - abuse
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MENTAL
HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS
 LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES
 (+/success) - mental health
 Satisfying relationship - Successful career
 Financial stability - Physical health
 (-/failures) – mental illness
 Poverty - Homeless
 Discrimination - Poor physical health
 Loss of a loved one
EARLY SIGNS OF FAILING
MENTAL HEALTH
 Deterioration of functioning
 Change in behavior
 A - Anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
 L - Loss of emotional control
 I - Isolation/ withdrawn
 E - Excessive dependency
 CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL
ILLNESS
 PSYCHOSIS
 Loss of reality testing, altered thought
process characterized by the presence
of psychotic manifestation such as
hallucination and delusions
 NEUROSIS
 No loss of reality testing
 CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL
ILLNESS
 FUNCTIONAL
 No known structural damage or clear cut
etiologic factor to account for the
impairment
 ORGANIC
 Illness caused by specific agents that
causes structural damage, usually
associated with cognitive impairment
 Ex: Dementia, delirium
 DIAGNOSTIC
STATISTICAL MANUAL
(DSM IV-TR)
Purposes and Categories
DSM IV-TR
 PURPOSES
1. To provide a standard language or
nomenclature for all mental health
professionals
2. To present defining
characteristics/symptoms that
differentiate specific diagnoses
3. To assist in identifying the underlying
causes of disorders
DSM IV-TR
 CATEGORIES
AXIS I - Major psychiatric disorders
S – Schizophrenia
- Substance Related Disorder
A – Anxiety
D – Depression
DSM IV-TR
AXIS II - Personality disorders and
mental retardation as well as
prominent maladaptive personality
features and defense mechanism
DSM IV-TR
AXIS III- Current medical
conditions that are potentially
relevant in understanding or
managing the person’s mental
disorder
DSM IV-TR
AXIS IV - Psychosocial and
environmental problems that may
affect the diagnosis, treatment
and prognosis of mental disorders
Ex: negative life events inadequate support
interpersonal stress unemployment
lack of education poverty
homelessness
DSM IV-TR
AXIS V - Global Assessment Functioning
- use to assess the client’s current level of
functioning on a scale of 0 – 100.

> 91 – 100 – superior functioning in a wide range

of activities
Ex: - Has (+)qualities - no symptoms
> 41 – 50 – severe/serious symptoms
Ex: - suicidal ideation
- severe obsession rituals
- frequent shoplifting
END
Mental health is a state of
successful performance of mental
functions, resulting in productive
activities, fulfilling relationship
with other people, and the ability to
adapt to change and cope with
adversity