BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:

chloroplasts

Hafizi Rosli, PhD

hafizirosli@usm.my

04-6534954
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
Learning outcomes:

1. Students able to describe the importance of manipulating host machinery

for plant virus replication.

2. Students able to describe the mechanism uses by Bamboo mosaic virus

(BaMV), African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), and Cucumber mosaic

virus (CMV) in manipulating the chloroplasts.
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts

Questions:

1. The mechanism uses by the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)

2. The mechanism uses by the African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV)

3. The mechanism uses by the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) to manipulate

the chloroplasts
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts

Function of chloroplast:

1. Carries important function in plants – photosynthesis

2. Important plant defense mechanism – Reactive Oxygen Species

3. Crucial step – supress plant defense system

BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts

• Main goals: shut off host’s cellular functions + continue viral replication.

• Viral interference in cells leads to changes that produce symptoms.

• RNA silencing of plant genes

•  genes for chlorophyll degradation,  content of chlorophyll in leaves.

BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
Cucumber mosaic virus
(CMV):
• Carrying a Y-satRNA
• Tobacco magnesium
chelatase subunit 1
(ChII) Shimura et al. (2011)
• Induce mRNA
degradation by host
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV):
1. Upregulate two genes for chlorophyl degradation:
• Pheophytinase (PPH)
• Pheophorbide an oxygenase (PaO)

2. Down regulate chlorophyll synthesis:

• Magnesium chelatase subunit I (ChII)
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV):

1. Chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase (cPGK) — host factor protein.

2. The portion 3’ UTR of the genomic RNA interact with cPGK.

BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV):

3. Interactions initiate the formation

of membrane-derived vesicles.
4. One protein–can improve
viral replication, and inhibit
plant defense.
Li et al. (2016)
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts

Thank You
BMT306-Plant virus–host interactions:
chloroplasts
References:

1. Li, Y., Cui, H., Cui, X. and Wang, A., 2016. The altered photosynthetic machinery during compatible virus
infection. Current opinion in virology, 17, pp.19-24.

2. Shimura, H., Pantaleo, V., Ishihara, T., Myojo, N., Inaba, J.I., Sueda, K., Burgyán, J. and Masuta, C., 2011. A viral
satellite RNA induces yellow symptoms on tobacco by targeting a gene involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis using
the RNA silencing machinery. PLoS Pathog, 7(5), p.e1002021..