LEED INDIA

Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design-India
INTRODUCTION

 Effective in India from 1st Jan 2007

 Version of the LEED rating system
administered by IGBC.
 Green Building Rating System
• Framework for assessing building performance against set criteria and
standard points of references
 Internationally accepted benchmark for design, construction and operation of
green buildings.
 Encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and
development practices .
 65 LEED certified green buildings in India.
 Based on professional reference standards like NBC, ASHRAE, and ECBC
GREEN BUILDING
 Uses less energy, water, natural resources
 Generates less waste
 Healthier for people living in it

 Energy saved= 30-40% per day

 Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
 Potable water saving upto 20-30%
 High productivity of occupants
 Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
 Lower operating costs and increase asset value
MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL
CATEGORIES:

• Sustainable Architecture and Design

• Site Selection and Planning
• Water Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
• Building Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Innovation and Development
Prerequisites
Required elements or green building strategies that must be included in
any LEED certified project
Credits
Optional elements, or strategies that projects can elect to pursue to gain
points toward LEED certification.

CERTIFICATION
Independent third party verification that the building project meets highest
performance standards.

Benefits of certification – WHY LEED?

  lead to the transformation of the built environment 
 built as designed and perform as expected. 
 have lower operating costs and increased asset value 
 healthy and comfortable for their occupants 
 reduce waste sent to landfills 
 conserve energy and water 
  reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions 
Certification Process
IGBC PROGRAMS
 Green homes rating
 Green factory rating
 Green townships
 Green SEZs

 SPECIFIC PROGRAMS
 LEED India for New Construction
Design of commercial buildings-hotels, institutions, services
Under the direct control of the owner or developer
 LEED India for Core and Shell
Design of core and shell buildings-leased or rented spaces
Not completely under the direct control of the owner or developer
LEED India Green building
 LEED Points overview
Sr. Criterions Points Points
no:

1 Sustainable Architecture and Design 5

Important criterions and Point allocation

2 Site Selection and Planning 14

3 Water Conservation 18

4 Energy Efficiency 28

5 Building Materials and Resources 16

6 Indoor Environmental Quality 12

7 Innovation and Development 7

TOTAL 100
SUSTAINABLE SITE
 Outlines various “green” opportunities for reducing the negative impact the
building has on the environment.
 The opportunities range from
 Preventing erosion of top soil,
 :Preventing water contamination & creation of heat islands,
 Effective use of a barren or waste lands etc.

THE BASIC PRINCIPLE

 TIME and NATURE have changed land
 Use what nature has given by working with existing topography, plants and
views.
 Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with
concrete.
CREDITS UNDER SUSTAINABLE
SITE
Prerequisite : Erosion and Sedimentation control
Intent :
 Control erosion and sedimentation of soil to reduce negative impact on
 A) Water quality
 B) Air quality – dust generation
Impacts :
 Erosion from construction sites
 A) Can carry toxicants & nutrients
 B) Polluting storm water run –off
Requirements :
 Design to a site sedimentation and erosion control plan that conforms to
the best management practices. (Should address both during construction &
post occupancy)
 Advocates process like temporary or Permanent vegetation, Mulching,
earth dikes, silt fencing etc.
Water Efficiency
 Water efficiency can be defined as :
 the accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the minimal
amount of water feasible.
 An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required for a
particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.
 Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on reducing
waste.
 The key for efficiency is reducing waste not restricting use.
 It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency by
making small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by choosing more
water efficient products.
 Examples of water efficient steps include simple measures like, fixing leaking
taps.
CREDITS UNDER WATER
EFFECIENCY
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
 LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy performance by
allocating the greatest number of potential points within this category to
formulate a sustainable design
 In general points can be earned through:
 efficient design,
 use of renewable energy,
 deliberate mechanical and electrical system selection
 proper commissioning and monitoring of devices
CREDITS UNDER ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
MATERIAL AND RESOURCES

 40% of the carbon dioxide that contributes to our warming planet comes from
buildings.
 Some of it is a secondary effect of operational needs such as electricity, a/c, and
heating, many ghg’s arise from resource extraction, manufacturing and production
of the building materials themselves.
 Choosing ingredients wisely makes all the difference in terms of the overall
impact of the building throughout its life. -‘Environmental footprint’ or ‘life cycle
assessment’
 The materials are in the picture from the first round of planning to the final stages
of demolition or renovation of a building or product.
Credit: Resource Reuse
Intent :
 Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin
material and reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the
extraction and processing of virgin resources.
Requirements :
 Use salvaged or refurbished materials for 5-10% of building materials (by value)
 Methods suggested like, reuse of partition panels,broken tiles,Used carpets.
(Note : Movable furniture like chairs are not accounted for calculation)

Credit: Recycled content

Intent :
 Increase demand for building products that incorporated recycled content
materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of
new virgin materials
Requirements :
 Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post –consumer recycled
content plus one-half of the post-industrial constitutes at least 5% of the total
value of the materials in the project.
 The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be
determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total
weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the
total value of the item.
Credit : Innovation and Development
Credit local/ regional Materials
Intent :
 Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted
and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional
economy and reducing environmental impact resulting from transportation
Requirements :
 Use a minimum of 20 %( extra points for going up to to 50 %) of building
materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius of
800 kms (manufacturing refers to the final assembly of components)
Credit : Rapidly Renewable Material
Intent :
 Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable
materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials


Requirements:
 Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made from plants
that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter)
 for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the
project.
 Consider use of materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation,
agrifiber, linoleum, wheat board, strawboard and cork.
Indoor Environmental Quality

 Green building means considering environmental impact of materials and

construction, along with the physical and psychological health of the
occupants.
 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle issues that
influence, how we feel in a space.
 It is a fundamental human right to live and work in spaces with healthy
indoor environments.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY
Credit : Low Emitting Materials
Intent :
 Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or
potentially irritating and harmful to the comfort and well being of
installer and building occupants.
Requirements :
 All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building shall
comply with the requirements of the reference standard.
 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of adhesive and sealants to
be monitored.
 Carpet systems must meet the requirements of the carpet and rug
institute Green label indoor Air quality test program
 Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the
building must contain no added urea – formaldehyde resins
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LEED

 Green Design Strategy

 Green Process for manufacturing
 Product Carbon Footprint tracking
 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT
 Furniture in getting credits
GREEN DESIGN STRATEGY

 Optimized utilization of raw material to conserve natural resources

 Maximize recycled content
 Reduction in product volume to reduce transportation cost
 Use of rapidly renewable wood & wood substitutes (planted &
replenished in less than 15 years cycle) to reduce impact on eco system.
 Modular products make various options with the use of minimum basic
standard components
 Possibility of refurbishing for reuse (Ease of servicing – assembly and
disassembly )
 Design for durability – adherence to performance standards to enhance
product life.
GREEN PROCESS FOR
MANUFACTURING
Confirming to ISO 14001
 Energy conservation
 Use of natural lighting in the plant
 30 % increase in production over last year with the same consumption of
electric energy
 Converted to CNG for all high fuel consuming processes
 Recycling of water with reverse osmosis plant
 Effective utilization of in-process waste water, after effluent treatment is
used for watering gardens
 Influencing our vendors to follow green processes
 Sale of hazardous waste only to ‘Pollution Control Board’ authorized parties
 96% usage of powder in powder coating process leads to minimal wastage
 Hidden components are coated with left over powder mix
CARBON FOOTPRINT TRACKING
A product’s life cycle consists of the activities that go into making, transporting,
using and disposing of that product

FURNITURE IN GETTING CREDITS

Provision of energy efficient task lights, can help in reducing the overall lighting
load of the project.
Use of easily recyclable material (like corrugated cardboard, expanded
polystyrene) packing which can reduce landfill disposal.
Manufacture products with longer life cycle, so that can be used in many sites. Tile
– frame construction making it easy for reconfiguration and reuse
Identifying components which could be made from recycled materials like, recycled
plastics, worktop made of baggage boards etc.
Task lighting feature can ensure better control and proper optimization of
electricity Used for lighting
Can explore the option of using boards made of bamboo, fabrics made of
agricultural waste etc.
Working towards usage of material which confirm to VOC level
usage of transparent material and low ht partitions allowing daylight and outside
view to the building occupants.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

EXAMPLE: Spacio open plan office system

 80 % steel for the paneling compared to conventional wood based partition

 Fabrics : 100% Cotton or PP based without any blend
 100 % use of reconstituted wood: (PPB or MDF) for work surfaces
 Number of parts reduced to minimum
 Easy to disassemble reconfigure and refurbish for reuse
 Paper based packing material: 100 % Recyclable
EXAMPLES OF LEED BUILDINGS
IN INDIA
 Platinum rated : CII –Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad
ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon

 Gold Rated : IGP Office, Gulbarga

NEG Micon, Chennai
Grundfos Pumps, Chennai

 Silver Rated : L&T EDRC , Chennai

CII –Godrej ITC Green Center,
GBC ,Hyderabad Gurgaon

Suzlon Energy Wipro

Limited Technologies
, Gurgaon
 Anna Centenary
Library
American Embassy Building,
School, Delhi Chennai

IGP Office, NEG Micon,

Gulbarga Chennai
L&T EDRC ,
Chennai Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport – Hyderabad
CASE STUDY
CII SOHRABJI GODREJ
BUILDING
 Climate
 It remains fairly warm most of the year.
 Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.
 Temperatures come down in the months
of December and January and the nights
become quite cool in and around the
Hyderabad city.
 During the summer months, the mercury
goes as high as 42° C while in winters the
minimum temperature may come down to
as low as 12° C.
 Temperature
During the summer months,
temperature goes as high as 42°
C while in winters the minimum
temperature may come down to
as low as 12° C.

Relative Humidity

Humidity in the morning is very

high exceeding 80 per cent from
July to September. In the dry
months of March, April and May,
humidity is generally low with an
average of 25 to 30 per cent and
decreases to 20 per cent at
individual stations.
 Green Architecture

 Economical
 Energy-saving
 Environmentally-friendly
 Sustainable development.
 Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre in
Hyderabad. It’s a
commercial building which
consists of office
buildings, research labs
and conference rooms
 GREEN BUSINESS CENTER
Wind Towers

Water Body
Roof garden

Solar PV

Water Efficiency
Sustainable Site
Energy Efficiency
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Formation of positive and negative pressure zones when wind flows around
rectangular and circular bodies.
The pressure coefficient cp can be used with the wind velocity to calculate
positive and negative pressure loads.
Green Building Tour
 Central courtyard.

 Roof garden - Protects heat

penetration, cuts
down heat-island effect

 High performance glazing to bring in

natural
light while minimizing heat ingress.

 Usage of light glazing and vision

glazing.

 Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in

natural light as well as ventilation .

 Energy saving system.

Courtyards The courtyards act as "light
wells," illuminating adjacent work
areas. When this light is not
sufficient, sensors trigger the
deployment of efficient electric
lights. Dimmers automatically
control the illumination levels,
turning the lights off when they're
unnecessary. Also, occupancy
sensors prevent a light from being
switched on at an unoccupied
workstation.
 Roof Garden
Absorbing heat and radiating it
Heat absorbed into the building. This is
minimized through the roof
gardens covering 55% of the
roof area.

Rain water harvesting.

Seepage into the ground have

Rain water absorbed used for different purposes been installed in
pedestrian areas and parking.

Rain water

Water filter Outlet for

Slope given for water
the water flow collection
 Natural
Lighting
Natural light deflection systems
can direct light deep into the room and
ensure better natural lighting provisions.
 Reflective glass (mirror)
This material will most significantly reduce penetration of
radiation from the reflecting side to the non-reflecting side
(penetration of 11-37% of total striking radiation).

 Such glazing is used in this building where it is desir­able to

maintain eye contact with the outside as well as to prevent
penetration of radiation and in areas where it is hot most days
of the year.
Usage of Light Glazing and Vision
Glazing
The double glazed glass will just
allow the diffused sunlight to pass
through and will radiate the solar
radiation back. It is located in the
western direction because the
suns rays is highly radiant when it
is setting.
 Double glazed glass
 This consists of two sheets of glass with space in
between, sometimes filled with air or other gases, or
vacuum.

 Variations in thickness have a certain effect, up to a

certain limit, on the percentage of radiation allowed to
penetrate and on thermal conductance of the composition.

 The main advantage of this type of cross-section is

its ability to reduce heat transfer from one pane to the
other, both by conduction and by radiation.
Use of Traditional Jalli
Jallis or Lattice walls
are used to prevent
glare and heat gain
while ensuring
adequate day lighting
and views. The jalli,
used in many historic
buildings such as the
Taj Mahal, gives
definition and an
aesthetic appeal to a
space.

Jalli [Perforated] for

bringing in Natural Light
and also Ventilation
Function of Jali in the rains.

Rain
water
seeps in Water
the utilized
openings for the
. plants
inside.

Section through the jali

Solar system
Harvesting of solar energy - 20%
of the buildings
energy requirement is catered to
by solar
photovoltaic
The Solar PV has an installed
capacity of 23.5 KW
Average generation is 100-125
units per day

Solar
Photovoltaic
The solar panels are placed on the
eastern side and they are sloping
which helps production of energy
throughout the day and as it is a
commercial building more amount of su
nr
energy is consumed during the ay
s
working hours [day] compared to
the evenings.

Solar
panel
Wind System
Wind tower with evaporative cooling

A combination of sensible cooling

in the ground and evaporative
cooling with the flow of air
induced by the wind tower can be
achieved by a configuration as
shown. The heat loss from air
results in a decreased air
temperature, but no change in the
water vapour content of the air.
Daytime and night time operation of a Wind Tower

During night the reverse happens;

The hot ambient air enters the
due to warm surface of wind tower
tower through the openings in the
and drop in temperature of ambient
tower and is cooled, when it
air due to buoyancy effect, warm air
comes in contact with the cool
rises upwards. As a result, cooler
tower and thus becomes heavier
ambient air is sucked into the room
and sinks down. When an inlet is
through the window. As a bye-
provided to the rooms with an
product of this process, wind tower
outlet on the other side, there is a
loses the heat that was collected
draft of cool air. After a whole of
during the day time and it becomes
heat exchange, the wind towers
ready for use in cold condition up to
become warm in the evening.
the morning.
 Wind tower design with openings on all four sides Wind tower design with evaporatively cooled system

Due to the unpredictable wind direction, opening on all four sides are provided with an additional
affect due to wind pressure. The rate of heat transfer mainly depends on surface area with
which, the air comes in contact. Here the surface area is increased by having vertical conduits,
which gives less resistance to air flow. Further, the effectiveness is increased by having
sprinklers to promote the evaporative cooling
 Wind Deflectors

Interior partitions are provided in

the building for various purposes
of privacy, which may not allow
openings in the partition. In this
region, due to the warm and humid
climate ventilation becomes very
essential, cross – ventilation
becomes the major solution. This
can be overcome by providing
ridge ventilation or ventilating
ducts or shafts for deeper rooms.
The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the
floor influences the efficiency of the natural ventilation in a given space.

Inlet and outlet are high.

Airflow only near ceiling. No
air current at body level. Good
for removing hot air for warm
season. Layers of still air at
low levels.

Inlet higher than outlet. Good

interaction of air layers.
Current at body level. Pocket of
warm , still air over the outlet.
Water system
  Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.
 Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and dish
washer e.g.. Low flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks
 Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .
Root Way Water treatment facility – Natural Way of treating the
black and grey water.
Rain water

Water filter Outlet for

Inlet for water
Zero water discharge building water
System35% reduction in potable water use Slope given for the collection
Low flow water fixtures water flow
Waterless urinals
Use of storm water & recycled water for irrigation.
Entire waste water in the building is treated biologically through a process
called the 'Root Zone Treatment
 Sustainable Materials

•A large amount of energy — and pollution — was also reduced

through choices in the production and transportation of building
materials.

•An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use

recycled content in the form of fly ash, broken glass, broken
tiles, recycled paper, recycled aluminum, cinder from industrial
furnaces, bagasse (an agricultural waste from sugar cane),
mineral fibers, cellulose fibers, and quarry dust.

•The building reuses a significant amount of material salvaged

from other construction sites like toilet doors, interlocking
pavement blocks, stone slabs, scrap steel, scrap glazed tiles,
shuttering material and, interestingly, the furniture in the
cafeteria. A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of
construction waste was recycled.
 Principles followed
Waste Reduction
 Select materials using recycled components .
 Design for re-use and recycling.
 Control and reduce waste and packaging.
  Reduce resource consumption.

Health and Wellbeing

 Meet the basic physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the occupants

 Consider healthy lighting, color and sound, controlled temperature and humidity and
good indoor air quality to enhance the living environment

 Reduce formaldehyde emissions and use pollution fighting indoor plants

 Apply an integrated wiring system for lighting, power, security, fire alarm and audio
facilities.

 Design a safe and user-friendly space.

 Energy Efficiency
 Design-Orientation for
maximum day light.
 Avoiding Green wall and Green
roof.
 Use of neutral glass to reduce
heat gain.
 Usage of energy efficient white
goods.
 Use of Zero CFG refrigerators
in refrigerators and air-
condition.
 Online monitoring system to
monitor the energy
Use of eco friendly electric car for performance.
transport and traveling within the
premises
 Establishing baseline data for
helping in preventing pollution. energy consumption.
 Achievements
The building boasts of lighting energy savings of 88 percent compared to
an electrically lit building of the same size.

Vegetation that was lost to the built area was replaced by gardens on 55
percent of the roof area.

The building achieves a 35 percent reduction of municipally supplied

potable water, in part through the use of low-flush toilets and waterless
urinals.

Thirty percent of users have shifted to alternative modes of transportation:

carpools, bicycles, and cars that run on liquefied petroleum gas, a low-
polluting alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel.

95 percent of the raw material was extracted or harvested locally.

An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content.

A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste

was recycled.
Case Study:

ITC GREEN CENTRE

 Location:Sector 33, Gurgaon,
India.
 Climate:Humid, subtropical
climate
 a LEED PLATINUM certified
building with 56 points

At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green One of the strongest aspects of ITC

Centre is the world’s largest 0% Green Centre is its design. All
water discharge, noncommercial systems are integrated in a way so
Green building, and compared to that they can function as naturally
similar buildings, ITC Green Centre as possible.
has a 30% smaller carbon footprint
with the use of sensible
technologies.
 DESIGN
The central atrium allows a column of
glare-free
natural light to form in the heart of the
building, thereby reducing the use of
artificial light

 It also ensures that one part of the

 The L-shaped plan of the building façade is always in the shade,
serves more than one function in preventing too much heat from entering
more than one area of the the structure.
immediate environment.
 The cooling effect is supported
moreover by the discreet bodies of
water placed in front of the building
 The atrium also connects the various
parts of the building to each other, both
horizontally and vertically,it encourages
interaction between the various parts,
and more, it promotes a sense of
community.
WATER EFFICIENCY

 Harvest 100% of the rain that falls on

the building, and recycle 100% of all
the water used in the building
including waste water.
 Use of waterless urinals in the
building. The urinals use biological
blocks containing particular bacteria
that reduce odour problems and
blockages in the urinals that saves 3 Interlocking tiles placed
lakhs litres of water per annum. across the landscape of
the building to harvest
 Annually, storm water pits recharged rain water through the
ground water by around 5500 grass that grows between
kilolitres, and sewage treatment the tiles while ensuring 0%
plant recycled 6900 kilolitres of surface run-off.
water in total, limiting costs but more
importantly water use tremendously.
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
 The high albedo roof coating reduces the amount of heat absorbed by
reflecting over 90% of visible and infra red radiations away from the
building. reduces the roof surface temperature by 30 degrees.
 250mm thickness of the building’s walls, the double glazed windows
and high performance glass reduce the amount of solar heat entering
the building by more than 65%.
 A commercial building the size of ITC Green Centre usually consumes
about 620,000 kilowatts per hour per annum, whereas ITC use
130,000 kilowatts per hour per annum.
 With a consumption of 11.4lakhs kilowatts per hour against an
estimated 2.33 lakhs kilowatts per hour ITC saved 51% of their total
budget: 81% on lighting, 40% on Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) and 40% on hot water annually.
MATERIALS AND RESOURCE
 Over 40% of the materials used in the construction of ITC Green
Centre was available within 800 kilometres of the building site, which
is not only cost effective but also offers the chance of easy renewal
 More than 10% of materials used to make work-stations, cabinets,
conference tables, wall panels and door frames was refurbished or
salvaged from other building sites.
 Over 10% of our construction material, such as glass, ceramic tiles,
steel and aluminium, used in the building are recycled.
 There are storage bins on every floor of ITC Green Centre for
recyclable materials like paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metals,
affirming commitment to ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’ and making it a
point of everyday practice.
CONCLUSION

 ITC is the world’s largest ‘Water Positive’ corporation. The amount of

rainwater harvest regularly exceeds the total amount of water consumed
by the company’s units.
 The ‘zero discharge’ objective helps reduce fresh water intake.
 It minimises energy consumption, brings down indirect CO2 emissions
and eliminates effluent pollution.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.igbc.in
www.climatechange.thinkabout.edu
www.hydro.mb.ca 
www.Wikipedia.com
www.igbc.in
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