Physical Components

Terminal
 Physical Components:
Terminal

Road terminal
a) Should be located in places convinient and readily
accessible to those wishing to travel
b) Must be close to concentration of population
Problems in having terminals in town:
c) Vacant land
d) Create additional congestion
e) Environment effect
Passenger terminal (Road, Rail, Sea,
Air)

• Simplest: road side bus stop

• Terminal bus Bandar Tasik Selatan, Puduraya
• Integrated terminal: KL Sentral
KL Sentral, Kuala Lumpur
Bus stops in Malaysia
Railway station in Malaysia
Bus stops in Sweden
 Passenger Terminal

Facilities required by passenger at major terminals

 Parking space
 Convenient interchange with local transport (bus,
taxis, LRT)
 Passenger Terminal

• Information system
a) Fixed sign
b) Arrival and departure indicators
c) Public address system
d) Information staff
e) Notice boards
 Passenger Terminal

• Waiting and queuing areas

• Ticket offices and baggage lockers
• Baggage handling facilities
a) Trolleys
b) Conveyers
c) Lifts
• Refreshments facilities
• Shops
 Passenger Terminal

 International terminals – customs and immigrations

 Boarding and alighting facilities e.g aero brigde
 Suffiecient standing place
 Port

 Earliest form of transport terminal

 It is a place by which passenger and freights are
transferred between sea and land
 PORTS

Port Authority Operator Type of operation

1. Port Klang Port Klang Authority Northport Multipurpose port

Klang Multi Terminal Multipurpose port
(Westport)
2. Penang Port Penang Port Commission Penang Port Sdn Bhd Multipurpose Port
(PPSB)
3. Johor Port Johor Port Authority Johor Port Berhad Multipurpose port

3. Port Tanjung Johor Port Authority Port of Tanjung Pelepas Container terminal
Pelepas
 Requirement of a port

• Good port and approaches

• Adequate protection from high wind and waves
• Good holding ground free from strong tidal currents
• Sufficient space to permit maneuvering of ships
• Sufficient depth
• Rich hinterland and accessible by road, rail and inland
waters
 Sufficient labor
 Mechanical aids
 Adequate flat space
 Warehouse facilites
 What is Hinterland?

 Hinterland as the effective market of a port, or the

geo-economic space in which it sells its services and
interacts with its customers.
 Hinterland activities play a critical role in determining
the success of a port.
 What is Hinterland?

• Hinterland is the interior region served by the port.

• The hinterland connections, attainability of
consumers, port productivity and reasonable tariffs
are most frequently mentioned as important criteria
by the container carriers
• the significant usage of containers has increased the
geographic coverage of cargo by ports
 What is Hinterland?

• Main conditions a suitable hinterland transport system:

a) the transport infrastructure needs to sufficiently well
developed and efficiently used
b) the actors involved in the transport chain need to be
well coordinated
c) the services provided by private firms such as terminal
services, barge service etc need to be attractive
 Port Klang Corridor

KM Radius % of Local
Corridor Containers
Penang
Port Central <100 70
(Klang
Valley)
Southern 100-250 17

Northern 100-300 9

East Coast >150 4

Kuantan Penang Port hinterland includes three

Port
main corridors:
a) Immediate hinterland (100km radius)
b) Mid-range hinterland (100-200km
Port Klang
radius)
c) Penang Port-South Thailand Corridor
•Cross border point at Padang Besar
(180km)
•Cross border point at Bukit Kayu Hitam
(150km)
Virtual Pasir Gudang
Hinterland Johor Port hinterland
Border
75% within 50km radius
Port
Hinterland anjung 15% between 50-150km radius
Flows Pelepas
10% more than 200km radius

Hinterland Container Movement

 What is Hinterland?

• Three types of hinterland transport chains:

a) Barge inland waterways hinterland chain (sea –
road/rail intermodal)
b) Railway hinterland chain (rail-road intermodal)
c) Trucking hinterland chain
 Airport

3 sets of requirement
a) Customer requirement
b) Operation requirement
c) Community requirement
 Airport

Customer requirement
 Close to a large centre of population (city)
 Reduce journey time from city to the airport (speed
requirement)
 Keep total transit time to a minimum
 Must have a good transport service from city centre
to airport (eg. ERL, buses)
 Airport

Operational requirement
 Large area of flat well drained land – for future
expansion, air craft parking and manoeuvering
 Free and away from mountains hills, which would
make approach and take off difficult and could create
dangerous air current
 Free form fog
 Should not be surrounded by concentrated
development
 Airport

Community requirement
 The taken to build the airport need to measure
against the value of community. i.e the value of thye
agriculture land. The welfare of community need to
consider. The location and welfare of aborigin, orang
asli
KLIA, KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIA
KLIA, Kuala
Lumpur
Malaysia
KLIA, Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
 ARLANDA AIRPORT,
STOCKHOLM SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
ARLANDA AIRPORT, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
 Rail freight terminal

 Yard
 Marshalling yard
 Started Volume Mode of Distance
Inland Operations (2009) Transport from port
terminal (TEUs) from Port

ICD, Sg Way 1978 6000 100% by 22km from

road Port Klang

ICD, Prai 1984 3000 100% by 10km from

road Penang Port

Dryport (Ipoh 1989 35000 95% by 250km from

Cargo rail Port Klang
Terminal) 170km from
Penang Port

Dry port 1998 0 0 200km from

(Segamat Port Klang
Inland
terminal)

Padang Besar 1983 110000 90% by 180km from

Inland rail Penang Port
Container
Depot (Cross
Border
trading with
Thailand)

Nilai Inland 1995 24000 100% by 100km from

terminal road Port Klang

•Only 1 rail operator : Keretapi

Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB)
Rail freight Terminal
Rail freight Terminal
Rail freight Terminal
Rail freight Terminal
Rail freight Terminal
 THANK YOU