SMARTSMART

ANTENNAS
ANTENNAS
PRESENTATION BY
apoorva k. Shetti
2bu09ec006
PRESENTED BY
Mr. apoorva k. Shetti
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Lect. AMARJEETSINGH THAKUR
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF SMART ANTENNAS
 COMPARISION BETWEEN SWITCHED BEAM AND ADAPTIVE
ARRAY
 SDMA(SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 Antenna is electrical device which converts electric power
into electromagnetic waves or vice versa.
 Omni directional and directional antennas.

Figure A:Omni directional antenna B. Directional antenna

coverage pattern coverage pattern

 Multipath and Co channel Interference.

What is SMART ANTENNA ?
 A smart antenna consists of an antenna array, that changes the
array pattern in response to signal environment to improve the
performance of a communication system.

Figure : Smart antenna analogy with human

THE AIM OF SMART ANTENNA SYSTEM

 To maximize the antenna gain in the desired

direction.

 To minimize the gain in directions of interferers.

TYPES OF SMART ANTENNA

 SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNA

- a finite number of fixed ,predefined patterns.

 ADAPTIVE ARRAY ANTENNA

- an infinite number of patterns (scenario based)

that are adjusted in real time.
SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNAS

 This systems form multiple fixed beams with heightened

sensitivity in particular directions.

 When incoming signal detected it determines the beam which

is best aligned based on SOI and switches to that beam to
communicate with user.

 As the mobile unit moves throughout the cell, the switched-

beam system detects the signal strength and continually
switches the beams as necessary.
Contd…

Figure- Switched Beam System Coverage Patterns

(Sectors)

 It subdivides sector into many narrow beams, then each beam is

considered as individual sector serving user or group of users.
Contd...

Figure : Block diagram of Switched beam systems

 PSN, which forms multiple beams looking in certain directions.

 RF Switch actuates the right beam in the desired direction.
Contd…
 The selection of right beam is made by control logic which is
governed by an algorithm.

 The algorithm which scans all the beams and selects the one
strongest receiving signal based on a measurement made by
the detector.

 The overall goal of the switched-beam system is to increase the

gain according to the location of the user.
ADAPTIVE ARRAY ANTENNAS

 Systems are really smart because they are able to

dynamically react to the changing RF environment with its
infinite scenario based patterns.
 They can direct the main beam toward the SOI(Signal Of
Interest) while suppressing the antenna pattern in the
direction of the interferers.

 It can customize an appropriate radiation pattern for each

individual user.
 Dynamically adjust the antenna pattern to enhance reception
while minimizing or fully rejecting interference .
 Contd…

Figure- Adaptive Array System Coverage Pattern

 This provides optimal gain while simultaneously identifying,

tracking, and minimizing interfering signals.
Contd…

Figure : Block diagram of Adaptive array systems

 D/C : Converts from RF to IF.
 ADC : Converts Analog to Digital for further processing.
 W’s : It contains amplification and phase information
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
 Among the most sophisticated utilization of smart antenna
technology.

 It employs advanced technique to, in effect, locate and

track fixed and mobile terminals, adaptively steering
transmission signal toward user and interferers.

 Beams are sliced to keep different users in different beams

at the same frequency which allows reuse of frequency.

 This technology achieves superior levels of interference

suppression and reduces RF pollution.
Contd…

Figure: SDMA technology(general and actual mechanism)

 This is the next step in an evolutionary path towards increasing

the capacity of cellular systems
COMPARISION OF SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNA AND
ADAPTIVE ARRAYS
CRITERIA SWITCHED BEAM ADAPTIVE ARRAYS

INTEGERATION • Easy to implement • Transceiver complexity

• Low cost • High cost

RANGE/COVERAGE • More coverage • More coverage

compared to compared to switched
conventional systems beam system
• Less coverage compared
to adaptive array

INTERFERENCE •Difficulty in • Focusing is narrower

REJECTION distinguishing
between desired signal • Capable of nulling
and interferer interfering signals
• Does not react to the
movement of
Interferers.
ADVANTAGES OF SMART ANTENNA
 Enhance coverage through Range extension.
 Fully controllable by software so less manual operations.
 Reduction in transmitted power.
 Reduce co-channel interference (CCI) and multipath
interference.
 Provides high security.
 Improve system capacity.
 Compatibility, it can be applied to various multiple access
techniques such as TDMA,FDMA ,and CDMA.
Smart Antenna’s Drawbacks

 Their transceivers are much more complex than traditional

base station transceivers.

 Expensive.
APPLICATION

 Cellular and wireless networks

 Electronic warfare (EWF) as a countermeasure to
electronic jamming
 Satellite systems
CONCLUSION

 Smart antennas are the intelligent antenna systems that

vastly improve the efficiency of wireless transmission.
 SAS can achieve high transmission data rate and coverage
area by effectively reducing multipath and co channel
interference.
 Smart antenna systems are software-controllable, remotely
configurable.
 Promising technology to resolve the traffic capacity .
References
[1].R. H .Roy, “An overview of smart antenna technology and its
application on wireless communication systems,” Proc .IEEE
conf.personal wireless comm.,2007, pp. 234 – 238
[2].Chryssomallis, M., 2008. Smart antennas , IEEE Antennas and
Propogation Magazine, 42(3): 129 -136
[3].S. F. Shaukat , Mukhtar ul Hassan, R. Farooq, H. U. Saeed and
Z. Saleem, “Sequential studies of beam forming algorithms
for smart antenna systems”, world applied sciences journal ,
vol .6, no. 6, pp 754-758,2009
[4].http://www.iec.org

[5].http://www.smartantennas.googlepages.com