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Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy
Adenoviruses
dsDNA viruses that cause respiratory, intestinal, and eye
infections in humans. Virus for common cold
Adeno-associated Viruses
ssDNA viruses that can insert their genetic material
at a specific site on chromosome 19
Herpes simplex
viruses
dsDNA viruses that infect a neurons. Cold sores virus
Retrovirus
• Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV)
• Generation of replication defective retroviral vector
– Transfer plasmid vector:
• Gene of interest
– Packaging vector
• Cell line stably transfected with plasmid constructs
containing Gag/pol and Env
• Advantages
– Integration: permanent expression
– Pseudotyped virus
• Disadvantages
– Only infecting dividing cells
– Insertional mutagenesis (tumor formation)
• Activate oncogenes
• Inhibit tumor suppressor genes
Lentiviral vectors
Lentiviruses are retroviruses
that can infect both dividing and nondividing cells
Example of lentiviruses:
HIV-1 (infects T-helper cells) –
AIDS.
• Advantages
– Integration and persistent expression
– No insertional mutagenesis
– Infecting dividing and nondividing cells
– Safe
• Disadvantages
– Size limitation, 4.9 kb
– Low titer of virus, low level of gene expression
Liposomes
Electroporation
Electroporation is a method that
uses short pulses of voltage to
carry DNA across the cell
membrane
Patterns of Gene Expression
GENE THERAPY AND
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
GENE THERAPY AND
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
GENE THERAPY AND
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Uses of Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy
Molecular medicine is the application of molecular biological techniques to the
treatment and diagnosis of disease. It is derived form the successful
development of human organ transplantation, pharmacotherapy, and
elucidation of the human genome.
• The key gap in the gene therapy field is our lack of knowledge of exactly what sets
the stage for the serious diseases causing morbidity and mortality in the United
States. At the molecular level, it is not clear what processes go awry. Therefore, it is
not clear which gene products have the greatest potential to be curative.
• A group of promising new tools is emerging that will allow patterns of gene
expression to be compared in healthy and diseased tissue. On the one hand, these
gene-profiling techniques will detect gene therapy targets—genes whose products
contribute to disease. On the other hand, they will identify genes whose products
may be useful when delivered as replacement genes.
Gene Therapy
• Long-term and complex clinical trials will be needed to optimize and deliver new
therapies..