Prepared by

Prepared by

Zahid
ullah
Bilal
shah
Ihtisham
khan
 Table of
Table of
contents
contents

• Sheath/Phyllosilicates
• Mica
• Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral

Sub types
Muscovite
Paragonite
Glauconite
Margarite
Sheath
Sheath
silicates
silicates

• Sheath silicates are built up of regular or irregular

sequences of tetrahedral (SiO4)
• Each Si-O tetrahedral group share three oxygen
with each other
• Extend in two dimension that is why they are
called sheath silicates.
• General formula (Si2O5)
• Mica , clay minerals and serphenites are
examples.
 Mica
Mica is the name given to a group of silicate
minerals that have Silicon and Oxygen as their
two major components.
Mica is a metamorphic mineral. Mica formations
are associated with volcanoes and hydrothermal
vents(A hole for the escape of gas or air)
 Properties
• Color
white, yellowish, green, gray.
Streak
colorless
Luster
vitreous to pearly
Hardness(Mohs)
2.5-3
 Properties…..
• Crystal system
Monoclinic
Cleavage
Perfect
Fracture
Uneven
 Paragenesis
• Mica is widely distributed and occur in
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
regimes.
• Large crystals of mica are typically mined from
granitic pegmatite.
• Mica mineral are major rock forming minerals
found in gniess, schist and granites.
 Muscovite
• Muscovite is the most common mineral of the
mica family.
• Muscovite sheets have a pearly to vitreous
luster on their surface.
• If they are held up to the light, they are
transparent and nearly colorless, but most
have a slight brown, yellow, green or rose-
color tint.
 Physical properties of muscovite
• Chemical composition
KAL2(Si3ALO10)(OH)2
color
When splits into thin sheets Muscovite is
colorless, sometimes with a tint of brown,
yellow, green or rose.
Streak
White
 Properties……
• Luster
pearly to vitreous.
Cleavage
Perfect.
Crystal system
Monoclinic.
 Optical properties
 Colorless in thin section
 No pleochroism
 Biaxial <->
 Birefringence is high
 Extinction is present to cleavage in all
orientations.
 Elongation is present
Paragenesis
Paragenesis

 Muscovite has a widespread occurrence and is

characteristic of sedimentary, igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
Sedimentary rocks
 Sediments eroded from igneous and
metamorphic rocks often carry muscovite,
accounting for its presence in sedimentary
rocks.
Paragenesis
Paragenesis

Igneous rocks
 Igneous occurrences include granite,
grandorite, aplite, pegmatites and related
felsic rocks.
 Is common in granite and granitic pegmatites.
 Muscovite is very common in large variety of
metamorphic rocks including slate, schist,
phyllite, gniess, hornfels and quartzite.
Paragonite
Paragonite

• Paragonite is a mineral related to muscovite.

• A basic silicate of sodium and aluminum, a
member of the common mica group.
• Paragonite may have been incorrectly
identified as muscovite. Its weathering is
essentially the same as that of muscovite.
 Physical and
Physical
optical and
properties
optical properties

 Chemical formula is NaAl2(OH]2AlSi3O10

 Crystal system is monoclinic
 Colorless, pale yellow, grayish, grayish white
and greenish.
 Crystal habit is massive or fibrous.
 Hardness is 2.5-3
 Luster is pearly
 Streak is white.
 Optical
Optical
properties
properties

 Biaxial <->
 Surface relief is moderate
 Max birefringence is 0.036
Paragenesis
Paragenesis

 Paragonite is known definitely to occur in only

a few gneisses, schist and phyllites in which it
appears to play essentially the same role as
muscovite.
 Present in fine-grained sediments.
Glauconite
Glauconite

 Glauconite is green-colored mineral. It is

structurally similar to micas and is sometimes
considered to be one of the mica minerals.
 Glauconite is an iron potassium phyllosilicate
mineral of characteristic green color which is
very friable and has very low weathering
resistence.
 Physical
Physical
properties
properties

 Color is blue green, green, yellow green

 Hardness is 2
 Monoclinic crystal system
 Luster is dull-earthy
 Streak is light green
 Optical
Optical
properties
properties

 Biaxial <->
 Birefringence is 0.020-0.032
 Pleochroism<X is yellow-green, green and Y, Z
is deeper yellow and bluish green>
 Surface relief is moderate.
Paragenesis
Paragenesis

 Glauconite is abundant only in sea floor areas

that are isolated from large supplies of land
derived sediments.
 Particles of glauconite are generally sand-sized
or finer.
 Glauconite is formed in marine environment.
 Some glauconite has been interpreted to have
been formed from pre-existing layered silicates.
Margarite
Margarite

 Margarite is a calcium rich member of the

mica group of the phyllosilicates with formula
CaAl2<Al2Si2>O10<OH>2
 Physical
Physical
properties
properties

 Color is grayish, pale pink, yellow, green,

colorless in thin section.
 Luster is viterous, pearly
 Hardness is 4
 Crystal system is monoclinic
 Streak is white
 Optical
Optical
properties
properties

 Biaxial <->
 Max birefringence is 0.032
 Surface relief is moderate.
 Streak is white
 Luster is pearly on cleavage and viterous on
lateral faces.
Paragenesis
Paragenesis

 It occurs commonly as an alteration product of

corundum, andalusite and other aluminous
minerals.
 From low to medium grade metamorphic
rocks, chlorite and mica schist and
glaucophane-bearing rocks.
References
References

 https://
www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=aQM
FXtXQOI2-a-q3kPAE&q=muscovite&oq
=
 https://
www.google.com/search?q=mica%20sheet
 https://
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-plan
etary-sciences/paragonite
THANK YOU