VISION 2025

ISSUES FOR MAKING INDIAN

RAILWAYS MORE ECO-FRIENDLY
IN 2025
THE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES

• THERMAL FROM COAL LIMITED 200 YRS.

• HYDROELECTRIC RENEWABLE
• NUCLEAR LARGE SCOPE
• GAS LIMITED

• PETROLEUM LIMITED 30-40 YRS.

• WIND RENEWABLE
• SOLAR PLENTY
 ELECTRIC TRACTION
• Less Energy per unit transport volume
• Environmental and Operational Benefits
• Higher Power,Speed and Acceleration
• Ease of Cleaning Pollution from few
Large Power Stations
• Use of Wide Range of Fuel Sources
(Renewable Energy)
 DIESEL TRACTION
• Comparatively Higher
Pollution/Emission
• Limited Availability of Petroleum
• Comparatively Lower Power, Speed
• Higher Noise Pollution
ENERGY REDUCTION - ADVANTAGES

• ECOLOGICAL- LESSER ENERGY USED >

LESSER POLLUTION

• ECONOMICAL – LESS COST > MORE

PROFIT
ENERGY REDUCTION – HOW?
• INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EQUIPMENTS
• REDUCE VEHICLE WEIGHT > HIGHER TARE TO
WEIGHT RATIO
• REGENERATIVE BRAKING ON ELECTRIC LOCOS
• 3-PHASE AC MOTORS > REDUCE MECH.ENERGY LOSS
• AERODYNAMICAL DESIGNS
• NEW ENGINE TYPES
• INCREASE CAPACITY
 FACTORS AFFECTING
ECOLOGY
• POWER SOURCE OF TRACTION-
DIESEL AND ELECTRIC
• FREON REFRIGERANT IN
AIRCONDITIONING
• WASTE AT STATIONS,TRAINS,WORKSHOPS
• NOISE POLLUTION
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATIONS

• -The IMO (UN’s International Maritime

Organization)NOX(Nitrogen Oxide) technical
code
• -The European legislation on truck emissions
(Euro III and IV)
• -The European legislation on engines for non-
road machinery (97/68/EC)
DIESEL ENGINE – LOW EMISSION
HOW ?
• INCREASE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND SPEED
• REDUCTION OF OXYGEN BY EXHAUST GAS
REGULATION (EGR)
• SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
• PARTICLE FILTER
• CONTINUOUS REGENERATING TRAP (CRT)
 UIC RECOMMENDATIONS

• TEST CYCLE
ISO 8178 F CYCLE

Full Load 50% Load Idle

25% 15% 60%

 UIC RECOMMENDATIONS
  Date Engin Engin NOx in CO in HC in PM in Smoke
e e g/KWH g/KW g/KW g/KW in
power speed H H H Bosch
in KW in number
RPM
ERR Before No No 12 3 0.8 --- 1.6
I 31 limit limit
Dec.2002

Stage 1Jan >560 >1000 9.5 3 0.8 0.25 ---

1 2003 to
31 Dec
2007 1000 9.9

560 No 6 2.5 0.6

limit

Stage From 1 >560 No 6 2 0.5 0.2 ---

2 Jan limit
2008
560 No 4.5 0.15
limit
ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT

• PHASE OUT ODS (OZONE DEPLETING

SUBSTANCES) BY 2010 – MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
• PRESENTLY CFCs Being Used Which Are ODS
• HYDROCARBON – ONE ALTERNATIVE
• HFC-134a Based – ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE
 WASTE DISPOSAL
• STATIONS
• TRAINS
• WORKSHOPS
– REDUCE WASTE
– USE RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
– SYSTEMISE COLLECTION
 JAPAN RLY FIGURES
Industrial waste Business related
general waste
By At rolling On station Office refuse,
construction/repla stock/Worksho and trains Used tickets
cement work p

579,000 t 21,000 t 52,000 t 4000 t

(88%) (3%) (8%) (1%)

600,000 t 56,000 t
(91%) (9%)
 OTHER MEANS

• GREEN Procurement

• Promote Environment Friendly Products

• Afforestation Drives In Railway Areas

• Ban Polythene Bags in Trains / Stations

 NOISE SOURCES ON
RAILWAY
• Rolling Noise (Wheel / Rail Interaction)
• Engine Noise (From Engine or Traction Motors)
• Pantograph Noise( Friction Bet.Panto and OHE Wire)
• Aerodynamic Noise
• Structure Noise (Indirect By Train Vibration)
• Micro – Pressure Waves
 MEASURES AGAINST RLY NOISE
NOISE SOURCE Measures to Reduce Noise

Joint,Switch Cont.Welded Rail(CWR),Swing Nose

Rail/Wheel Crossing,Rail,Wheel Crossing, Grinding Rail,Insulation
bet.Rail & Sleeper; Grinding Wheel,
Wheel Shape
Diesel Engine,Cooling Fan, Exhaust Silencer, Direction of Fan,
Engine Overall Electric Traction

Arc Noise, Aerodynamic Reduction of Pantographs, Pantograph

Pantograph Noise cover, Change of Shape

Surface of Vehicle Smooth body surface, aerodynamic

Vehicle design
Lightening of Vehicle
Steel Bridge Noise Insulate work on Bridge
Structure
Track Structure Ballast Mat to insulate vibration,
Vibration Resilient Sleeper, CWR
 VISION 2025
ISSUES FOR MAKING INDIAN
RAILWAYS MORE ECO-
FRIENDLY IN 2025