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Copia de Transformada de Laplace (Clase 4)
Copia de Transformada de Laplace (Clase 4)
◦ Definición Básica.
◦ Propiedades básicas
◦ Condiciones de existencia.
Transformada inversa
◦ Funciones parciales
Teoremas de Traslación
Transformadas de derivadas y Ecuaciones diferenciales.
Transformadas de derivadas
L L
Transformadas de derivadas
L L
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( )+ L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( )+ L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Utilizando la
regla de la
cadena
tenemos
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Se resuelve
como
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Aplicando el
limite en esta
parte
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Lo cual es
equivalente a
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( ) Z
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( ) = = ( )
Z L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
= ( ) + ( ) Z
| {z } = ( ) + ( )
= ( )+ L ( ) | {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
Z
= = ( )
L ( ) = ( )
= = ( )
Z
= ( ) + ( )
| {z }
= ( ) + L ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) + L ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) + L ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) + L ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) + L ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) + L ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
( ) [ )
( ) ( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
( )
[ )
( ) ( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
( )
[ )
( )
( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
( ) [ )
( )
( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
( ) [ )
( )
( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
En resumen
esto nos deja
( ) [ )
( )
( ) [ )
( ) ( )
L ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = L ( )
Transformadas de las 3 primeras derivadas
Transformadas de las 3 primeras derivadas
Transformadas de las 3 primeras derivadas
Transformadas de las 3 primeras derivadas
Transformadas de las 4 primeras derivadas
Transformadas de las 4 primerasEstas
derivadas
formulas
nos ayudaran a
resolver las
ecuaciones
diferenciales
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
Método de solución de Ecuaciones Diferenciales
con la transformada de Laplace
EJEMPLO 1
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
Aplicar Laplace a
ambos lados de
ecuación
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
De acuerdo
con las
formulas de
las derivadas
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( ) =
2
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( ) =
2
Donde f (0) = 0 y
f’ (0) = ½
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( ) =
2
Donde f (0) = 0 y
f’ (0) = ½
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( ) =
2
Donde f (0) = 0 y
f’ (0) = ½
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( ) =
2
Donde f (0) = 0 y
f’ (0) = ½
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( )=
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( )=
2
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( )=
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( )= sto
2 e
do a
e n
o l vi ued
s q
Re nos
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( )=
2 1 1
4( ( )- *0- )- ( )=
2
2 1 1
4 ( ( ) - ) - ( ) =
2
2 4 1
4 ( ) - - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( ) - 2 - ( ) =
Resolver
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1,
4 ''- = 1 ,
( 0 ) = 0 ( 0 ) = 0
( 0 ) = 0
1 '( 0 )
1 1
'( 0 ) =
2
=
2 '( 0 ) =
2
2 1
4( ( )- (0) - '(0)) - ( )=
2 1 1 Simplificando
4( ( )- *0- )- ( )=
2
2 1 1
4 ( ( ) - ) - ( ) =
2
2 4 1
4 ( ) - - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( ) - 2 - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( ) - ) - ( ) =
2
2 4 1
4 ( ) - - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( ) - 2 - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( ) - ) - ( ) =
2
2 4 1
4 ( ) - - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( ) - 2 - ( ) =
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
Despejamos
F (s)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4 ( )- ( ) = +2
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2 Igualando ambas
2 1 partes de la suma
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4 ( )- ( ) = +2
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2 Igualando ambas
2 1 partes de la suma
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4 ( )- ( ) = +2
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4 ( )- ( ) = +2
2 1 2 1+ 2
( )(4 - 1) = + =
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
Pasando esta
2 1 parte del otro
4 ( )- ( ) = + 2lado de la
euacion
2 1 2 1+ 2
( )(4 - 1) = + =
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s
F (s ) =
s (4s 2 - 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1 Descomponiendo
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
el denominador
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s
F (s ) =
s (4s 2 - 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s 4 2
( ) - ( ) =
1
+ 2
F (s ) = ( )(4 2
- 1) =
1
+
2
=
1 + 2
s (4s 2 - 1) ( ) =
1 + 2
(4 2
- 1)
=
(2
1 + 2
- 1)( 2 + 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s Simplificando
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s 4 2
( ) - ( ) =
1
+ 2
F (s ) = ( )(4 2
- 1) =
1
+
2
=
1 + 2
s (4s 2 - 1) ( ) =
1 + 2
(4 2
- 1)
=
(2
1 + 2
- 1)( 2 + 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s 4 2
( ) - ( ) =
1
+ 2
F (s ) = ( )(4 2
- 1) =
1
+
2
=
1 + 2
s (4s 2 - 1) ( ) =
1 + 2
(4 2
- 1)
=
(2
1 + 2
- 1)( 2 + 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2
s
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + =
s s s
1+ 2s 2 1
2 1 4 ( )- ( )= +2
4 ( ) - ( ) = + 2
F (s ) = ( )(4 2
- 1) =
1
+
2
=
1 + 2 ( )(4 2 1 2 1+2
- 1) = + =
s (4s 2 - 1) ( ) =
1 + 2
(4 2
- 1)
=
(2
1 + 2
- 1)( 2 + 1)
( )=
1+2
=
1+2
=
1
( 4 2 - 1) ( 2 - 1)( 2 + 1) ( 2 - 1)
2 1 1
4( ( )- )- ( )=
2
2 4 1
4 ( )- - ( ) =
2
2 1
4 ( )- 2 - ( )=
2 1
4s F (s ) - F (s ) = + 2 Esto lo podemos
s ver como una
suma de fracciones
2 1 2s 1+ 2s
F (s )(4s - 1) = + = parciales
s s s
1+ 2s 2 1
2 1 4 ( )- ( )= +2
4 ( ) - ( ) = + 2
F (s ) = ( )(4 2
- 1) =
1
+
2
=
1 + 2 ( )(4 2 1 2 1+2
- 1) = + =
s (4s 2 - 1) ( ) =
1 + 2
(4 2
- 1)
=
(2
1 + 2
- 1)( 2 + 1)
( )=
1+2
=
1+2
=
1
( 4 2 - 1) ( 2 - 1)( 2 + 1) ( 2 - 1)
Mínimo común
denominador
Trabajando solo
con el numerador
Resolvemos
Cuando s = 0
Entonces
Cuando s = 0
Cuando s = 0
2 ( - 1 ) = -
- 2 = -
2 =
2 ( - 1 ) = -
- 2 = -
2 =
2 ( - 1) = -
- 2 = -
2 =
Cuando s = 0
Por lo que
podemos escribir
2 ( - 1 ) = -
esto de la siguiente
- 2 = - manera
2 =
2 ( - 1 ) = -
- 2 = -
2 =
2 ( - 1) = -
- 2 = -
2 =
( )=
( )=
( )=
Dividiendo esta
parte entre 2, para
dejar s sola
( )=
( )=
Para terminar se
debe sacar Laplace
inversa
( )=
( )=
Utilizando las
tablas tenemos
( )=
( )=
Así la solución es
( )=
EJEMPLO 2
Use la transformada de Laplace para resolver:
Use la transformada de Laplace para resolver:
Al sustituir los valores de A, B y C en las fracciones parciales se puede aplicar las tablas
de la transformada inversa de Laplace
Ya teniendo el valor de C, se sustituye en la ecuacion para hallar A y B, desarrollando el
sistema de ecuaciones
Al sustituir los valores de A, B y C en las fracciones parciales se puede aplicar las tablas
de la transformada inversa de Laplace
Aplicando Laplace inversa en cada lado:
Aplicando Laplace inversa en cada lado:
Aplicando Laplace inversa en cada lado:
3
3. ''- 3 '+ 2 =2 , (0) =0 & '(0) =4
-2
3. ''+ 6 '+13 =10 , (0) =3 & '(0) =- 13