Cartesian Product

Ordered Pair :- An ordered pair consist of two elements in a fixed order

A ={1,2,3} B ={3, 4 }
Find all ordered pairs from set A to set B .

(1,3) , (1,4)
 Cartesian Product
Ordered Pair :- An ordered pair consist of two elements in a fixed order

A ={1,2,3} B ={3, 4 }
Find all ordered pairs from set A to set B .

(1,3) , (1,4)

( 2, 3 ) , (2,4)
 Cartesian Product
Ordered Pair :- An ordered pair consist of two elements in a fixed order

A ={1,2,3} & B= {3,4 }

Find all ordered pairs from set A to set B .

(1,3) , (1,4)

( 2, 3 ) , (2,4)

( 3, 3 ) , (3,4)

• Two ordered pairs (a , b ) and (c ,d ) are equal iff a=c & b=d.
(3 , 4 ) ≠ (4 , 3 ) (3 , 4 ) = (3 , 4 )
 Cartesian Product
Cartesian Product :- If A and B are two sets then Cartesian product from A to B is

Set of all ordered pairs from A to B

A = {1 , 2 , 3} B={3,4}
Cartesian
Product from
A to B (1 , 3 ) , (1, 4 ) , (2 ,3) , (2 ,4) , (3, 3 ) , (3, 4 )

{ (1 , 3 ) , (1, 4 ) , (2 ,3) , (2 ,4) , (3, 3 ) , (3, 4 ) }

It is denoted by A × B
A×B= { (1 , 3 ) , (1, 4 ) , (2 ,3) , (2 ,4) , (3, 3 ) , (3, 4 ) }
Set Builder form
A×B= { (a , b) : a ∈ A and b ∈ B }
 Cartesian Product
Cartesian Product :- If A and B are two sets then

Number of elements in A×B = n(A) × n(B)

A = {1 , 2 , 3} B={3,4}

n(A) = 3 n(B) = 2

A×B= { (1 , 3 ) , (1, 4 ) , (2 ,3) , (2 ,4) , (3, 3 ) , (3, 4 ) }

1 2 3 4 5 6
So n(A×B) = n(A)×n(B)
 SOME RESULTS
• If A and B are two sets and B = { } i.e B is null set then

A×B = { }
 Representation of Cartesian Product

Set Roster Graphical Diagramatic

Builder Form Representaion Representaion
Form
 Representation of Cartesian Product

A= {1,3,5 } B= {2,5 }

A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , ( 3,2) , (3,5) , (5,2) , (5,5) }

 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5,2) , (5,5) }
4

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
( ) 5 (5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5) (5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2) (2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5) (5) (5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2) (2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5) (5) (5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2) (2) (2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Graphical Representation of Cartesian Product
6

5
A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)
(5) (5) (5) (5,2) , (5,5) }
4

2
(2) (2) (2)
1

0 x- Axis
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
y- Axis
 Diagramatic Representation of Cartesian Product

A×B = { (1,2) , (1,5) , (3,2) , (3,5)

(5,2) , (5,5) }

1
2

5
5

A B
 Cartesian Product of Three Sets
A×B×C
A={1,2} B={3,4} C={4,5}
3×5×6 = 15×6 = 90

A×B = { (1,3) , (1,4) , (2,3) , (2,4) }

A×B×C = { (1,3) , (1,4) , (2,3) , (2,4) } × {4,5}

A×B×C = { (1,3,4) , (1,3,5) , (1,4,4) , (1,4,5) , (2,3,4) , (2,3,5) , (2,4,4) , (2,4,5) }

n(A×B×C) = n(A) × n(B)× n(C)

Set Builder Form

A×B×C= { (a , b, c) : a ∈ A , b ∈ B , c ∈ C }
Q :- If A×B= { (a,1) , (a,3) , (b,1) , (b,3) } then what is A and B ?

(a) A= { 1 , 3 } , B= { a , b }

(b) A = { a , 3 } , B= { b, 1 }

(c) A = { a , b } , B = { 1 , 3}

(d) none of the above

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