Intake and Exhaust Systems

 Air intake or induction system takes in air - about

2832 cubic meters (100,000 cubic feet) per 1609
km (1000 miles)
 There is an air cleaner at the entry
 It has a ring or panel of filter paper or other
material
 Air cleaner can be mounted directly on top of the
carburettor or can be remotely mounted
 It muffles the induction noise - some cleaners
have tuning venturi to reduce induction noise

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems

 Some air cleaners use resonator, a tube or

chamber that generates sound waves which
cancel out the noise - a tuned induction system
 The air cleaner also acts as a flame arrestor
 Some high-performance cars use ram air cleaner -
operated by a vacuum motor that opens the ram-
air valve under open-throttle or heavy-load
conditions - brings in additional air

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Intake and Exhaust Systems

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 Thermostatic air cleaner - Heated air system

(HAS)
 Not used with PFI systems and supercharged or
turbocharged engines
 Improves engine performance and driveability
when the engine is cold
 Heats the entering air
 A temperature-sensing spring helps diverting the
incoming air through the hot-air pipe
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Intake and Exhaust Systems

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems
 Intake manifold
 It connects the throttle body with the intake port of
the engine
 It consists of runners or set of passages that are
made as short as possible and designed to avoid
sharp corners
 Intake manifold is made of cast iron or aluminium
alloy
 In PFI systems intake manifolds can take on
various shapes and the runners are often tuned - air
flows into a plenum or air chamber
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 Intake and Exhaust Systems

 Distribution of air-fuel mixture

 Ideally,each cylinder gets the same amount and
richness of AF mixture; actually, the cylinders at
each end of the manifold usually receive a richer
mixture

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems
 Exhaust system
 collects,
quiets, and cleans the exhaust gases
 Includes exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe, catalytic
converter, muffler, resonator, and tail pipe
 Some cars have dual exhaust system
 A crossover pipe connects the two inlet pipes to
help reduce noise
 Improves engine breathing by allowing it to exhaust

more freely
 Increased engine power

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems

 Exhaust manifold
 It may be on the same side of the engine block as
the intake manifold or on the opposite side
 If the exhaust and intake manifolds are on the
same side, then the latter is placed above the
former - many such arrangements have 'manifold
heat-control valve'

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems
 Tuning the intake and exhaust manifolds
improves volumetric efficiency - intake runners
produce highest possible pressure in the cylinder
and exhaust runners produce lowest possible
backpressure in the exhaust system
 Some engines have variable induction systems -
they have primary runners (long) for low speed
and secondary or short runners for high speed

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems
 Muffler
 Muffles or quiets the noise of the exhaust
 It contains a series of holes, passages, and
resonance chamber
 Resonators are sometimes used in conjunction
with the muffler to further reduce the noise of the
exhaust
 Larger total flow area reduces the restriction in the
exhaust system - improves fuel economy

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Intake and Exhaust Systems

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 Intake and Exhaust Systems

 Catalytic converter
 Cleans the exhaust gas by reducing the pollutants
to harmless substances
CO, HC, and NOx change to CO2, H2O and N

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