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ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
• What are the classes and types of composites?
• Why are composites used instead of metals,
ceramics, or polymers?
• How do we estimate composite stiffness & strength?
• What are some typical applications?
Chapter 16- 1
TERMINOLOGY/CLASSIFICATION
• Composites: woven
--Multiphase material w/significant fibers
proportions of ea. phase.
• Matrix:
--The continuous phase
--Purpose is to: 0.5 mm
transfer stress to other phases cross
protect phases from environment section
--Classification: MMC, CMC, PMC view
metal ceramic polymer
• Dispersed phase: 0.5 mm
--Purpose: enhance matrix properties. Reprinted with permission from
D. Hull and T.W. Clyne, An Introduction
MMC: increase sy, TS, creep resist. to Composite Materials, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge University Press, New York,
CMC: increase Kc 1996, Fig. 3.6, p. 47.
PMC: increase E, sy, TS, creep resist.
--Classification: Particle, fiber, structural Chapter 16- 2
COMPOSITE SURVEY: Particle-I
Particle-reinforced Fiber -reinforced Structural
• Examples:
-Spheroidite matrix: particles: Adapted from Fig.
10-15vol%! 600 m
Adapted from Fig. 16.5,
Callister 6e. (Fig. 16.5
-Automobile matrix: particles: is courtesy Goodyear
tires rubber C Tire and Rubber
(compliant) (stiffer) Company.)
Definisi ???
komposit yang terbentuk dengan partikel/ partikulat sebagai
reinforcement-nya
Partikulat ???
composite ingredient yang biasanya mempunyai aspek ratio
(ratio diameter dari yang terbesar ke yang terkecil) kurang
dari 5 dan diameternya lebih besar dari 1 µm.
Syarat !!!
Matrix harus lebih ulet dibandingkan partikulat
Chapter 16-
COMPOSITE SURVEY: Fiber-I
Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural
• Aligned Continuous fibers
• Examples:
--Metal: g'(Ni3Al)-a(Mo) --Glass w/SiC fibers
by eutectic solidification. formed by glass slurry
matrix: (Mo) (ductile) Eglass = 76GPa; ESiC = 400GPa.
(a) fracture
surface
Chapter 16- 5
COMPOSITE SURVEY: Fiber-II
Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural
• Discontinuous, random 2D fibers
• Example: Carbon-Carbon C fibers:
--process: fiber/pitch, then very stiff
burn out at up to 2500C. very strong
--uses: disk brakes, gas (b) C matrix:
turbine exhaust flaps, nose less stiff
cones. view onto plane less strong
fibers lie
in plane
(a)
• Other variations:
--Discontinuous, random 3D Adapted from F.L. Matthews and R.L. Rawlings,
Composite Materials; Engineering and Science,
--Discontinuous, 1D Reprint ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. (a)
Fig. 4.24(a), p. 151; (b) Fig. 4.24(b) p. 151. (Courtesy
I.J. Davies) Reproduced with permission of CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Chapter 16- 6
COMPOSITE SURVEY: Fiber-III
Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural
• Critical fiber length for effective stiffening & strengthening:
fiber strength in tension fiber diameter
f d
fiber length 15 shear strength of
c fiber-matrix interface
• Ex: For fiberglass, fiber length > 15mm needed
• Why? Longer fibers carry stress more efficiently!
Shorter, thicker fiber: Longer, thinner fiber:
d d
fiber length 15 f fiber length 15 f
c c
(x) (x)
Chapter 16- 8
Contoh Material Komposit Fiber
Chapter 16-
COMPOSITE SURVEY: Structural
Particle-reinforced Fiber -reinforced Structural
• Stacked and bonded fiber-reinforced sheets
-- stacking sequence: e.g., 0/90
-- benefit: balanced, in-plane stiffness
Adapted from Fig.
16.16, Callister
6e.
• Sandwich panels
-- low density, honeycomb core
-- benefit: small weight, large bending stiffness
face sheet
adhesive layer
honeycomb
Chapter 16-
Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Kelebihan Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Aplikasi Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Aplikasi Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Aplikasi Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Aplikasi Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Aplikasi Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Material dan Karakteristik Material Face
Chapter 16-
Material dan Karakteristik Material Face
Chapter 16-
Material dan Karakteristik Material Inti
(core)
Chapter 16-
Material dan Karakteristik Material Inti
(core)
Chapter 16-
Material dan Karakteristik Material Inti
(core)
Chapter 16-
Honeycomb
Chapter 16-
Aluminium Honeycomb
Chapter 16-
Cellular Foam
Chapter 16-
Sandwich Composite
Chapter 16-
Epoxy Resin
Chapter 16-
Manufaktur Komposit Sandwich
Chapter 16-
Adhesive Bonding
Chapter 16-
COMPOSITE BENEFITS
• CMCs: Increased toughness • PMCs: Increased E/r
Force ceramics
particle-reinf 10 3
E(GPa) PMCs
10 2
10 metal/
fiber -reinf metal alloys
1
un-reinf
.1 G=3E/8 polymers
.01 K=E
Bend d isplacement .1 .3 1 3 10 30
10 -4 Density, [Mg/m 3 ]
ss (s -1 ) 6061 Al
• MMCs: 10 -6 Adapted from T.G. Nieh, "Creep rupture of a
Increased silicon-carbide reinforced aluminum
resistance w/SiC
whiskers (MPa)
10 -10
20 30 50 10 0 200 Chapter 16- 10
SUMMARY
• Composites are classified according to:
-- the matrix material (CMC, MMC, PMC)
-- the reinforcement geometry (particles, fibers, layers).
• Composites enhance matrix properties:
-- MMC: enhance sy, TS, creep performance
-- CMC: enhance Kc
-- PMC: enhance E, sy, TS, creep performance
• Particulate-reinforced:
-- Elastic modulus can be estimated.
-- Properties are isotropic.
• Fiber-reinforced:
-- Elastic modulus and TS can be estimated along fiber dir.
-- Properties can be isotropic or anisotropic.
• Structural:
-- Based on build-up of sandwiches in layered form.
Chapter 16- 11