ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

RISK FACTORS
1)TWIN OR MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
2)POOR NUTRITION, ESPECIALLY MULTIPLE VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES
3)SMOKING
4)EXCESS ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
5)MEDICAL HISTORY OF ANY DISORDER THAT REDUCES ABSORPTION OF
NUTRIENTS
6)USE OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS
7)PREVIOUS USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
COMMON SYMPTOMS:
• TIREDNESS, WEAKNESS OR FAINTING
• PALENESS
• BREATHLESSNESS

OCCASIONAL SYMPTOMS:
• HEADACHE
• NAUSEA
• INFLAMED, SORE TONGUE
• PALPITATIONS
• FORGETFULNESS
• JAUNDICE (RARE)
• ABDOMINAL PAIN (RARE)
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. PROVIDE CLIENT AND FAMILY TEACHING DISCUSS USING IRON SUPPLEMENTS
AND INCREASE DIETARY SOURCE OF IRON AS INDICATED.
FOOD SOURCES OF FOLATE:
LEAFY, DARK GREEN VEGETABLES , DRIED BEANS AND PEAS , CITRUS FRUITS AND
JUICES AND MOST BERRIES. FORTIFIED BREAKFAST CEREALS , ENRICHED GRAIN
PRODUCTS
2. PREPARE FOR BLOOD TYPING AND CROSSMATCHING AND FOR ADMINISTERING
PACKED RBC DURING LABOR IF THE CLIENT HAS SEVERE ANEMIA
 GOOD FOOD SOURCES OF IRON INCLUDE
THE FOLLOWING:
MEATS - BEEF, PORK, LAMB, LIVER, AND OTHER ORGAN MEATS
• POULTRY - CHICKEN, DUCK, TURKEY, LIVER (ESPECIALLY DARK
MEAT)
• FISH - SHELLFISH, INCLUDING CLAMS, MUSSELS, OYSTERS,
SARDINES, AND ANCHOVIES
• MEATS - BEEF, PORK, LAMB, LIVER, AND OTHER ORGAN MEATS
• POULTRY - CHICKEN, DUCK, TURKEY, LIVER (ESPECIALLY DARK
MEAT)
• FISH - SHELLFISH, INCLUDING CLAMS, MUSSELS, OYSTERS,
SARDINES, AND ANCHOVIES
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
 SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
1. HYPERGLYCEMIA
2. GLYCOSURIA
3. POLYURIA
4. POLYDIPSIA
5. WEIGHT LOSS
6. KETOACIDOSIS
 RISKS & COMPLICATIONS DURING
PREGNANCY
• MOTHER
- PREECLAMPSIA & ECLAMPSIA
- UTI
- CANDIDIASIS
- KETOACIDOSIS
- HYPOGLYCEMIA
- PRETERM DELIVERY
- POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
- CPD
- DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
- DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
• FETUS / INFANT
- SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
- FETAL ANOMALIES
- INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEMISE (W/ GREATER RISKS BEING AFTER 36 WEEKS)
- STILLBIRTH
- HYDRAMNIOS
- PREMATURITY
- HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
- HYPOCALCEMIA
- HYPOGLYCEMIA
- POLYCYTHEMIA
- MACROSOMIA
- RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
- CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
• CARDIAC DEFECTS
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• SKELETAL DEFECTS
- PREDISPOSITION TO OBESITY & DM LATER IN LIFE